Orthognathic Surgery of Goldenhar Syndrome Patient With Absent Bilateral Mental Foramina

Goldenhar syndrome (GS), also known as oculo-auriculo-vertebral spectrum (OAVS), is a congenital condition affecting the craniofacial region and vertebrae. This report details a 21-year-old Korean female with GS, characterized by the absence of bilateral mental foramina, who underwent 2-jaw orthognathic surgery with genioplasty to address mandibular hypoplasia, asymmetry, and severe anterior open bite. Preoperative computed tomography revealed hypoplasia of the right maxilla and left mandible, and absent bilateral mental foramina, which were confirmed intraoperatively. The surgical procedure was successfully completed, with meticulous dissection. Postoperative recovery was uneventful, with gradual improvement in bilateral chin hypesthesia likely caused by traction, achieving full sensory recovery within 6 months. A systematic review of GS cases involving absent mental foramen identified 9 articles among 5605 search results, highlighting the rarity of this anomaly. This case underscores the importance of detailed preoperative anatomic evaluation in GS patients undergoing orthognathic surgery to ensure optimal outcomes.