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Universality in the Near-Side Energy-Energy Correlator.

Xiaohui Liu1,2, Werner Vogelsang3, Feng Yuan3,4

  • 1Beijing Normal University, Center of Advanced Quantum Studies, School of Physics and Astronomy, Beijing, 100875, China.

Physical Review Letters
|May 2, 2025
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We found a universal energy-energy correlator (EEC) in particle collisions. A new model using nonperturbative transverse momentum dependent (TMD) fragmentation functions accurately describes experimental data for both electron-positron annihilation and proton-proton collisions.

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Area of Science:

  • High Energy Physics
  • Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD)
  • Particle Physics

Background:

  • The energy-energy correlator (EEC) is a key observable in high-energy physics, sensitive to the underlying dynamics of particle production.
  • Understanding the transition from nonperturbative to perturbative regimes in particle collisions is crucial for precise theoretical predictions.
  • Previous studies often focused on specific collision systems or theoretical frameworks, limiting a comprehensive understanding of EEC universality.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the universality of the energy-energy correlator (EEC) for hadrons produced in electron-positron (e^{+}e^{-}) annihilation and proton-proton (pp) collisions.
  • To develop a theoretical model capable of describing EEC features across different collision systems and energy scales.
  • To explore the role of nonperturbative physics, specifically transverse momentum dependent (TMD) fragmentation functions, in shaping EEC observables.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a nonperturbative transverse momentum dependent (TMD) fragmentation function to model the hadronization process.
  • Applied this model to describe the transition between the 'free-hadron' region and the perturbative collinear region in EEC calculations.
  • Compared theoretical predictions with experimental data from both e^{+}e^{-} annihilation and pp jet substructure measurements.

Main Results:

  • Observed a remarkable universality of the EEC across different collision systems (e^{+}e^{-} and pp).
  • The developed TMD fragmentation function model successfully described the near-side shapes and peaks of the EEC with only two parameters.
  • Achieved excellent agreement between theoretical calculations and experimental data for both collision types.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides strong evidence for the universality of the EEC, suggesting a common underlying physics governing particle production.
  • The success of the nonperturbative TMD fragmentation function highlights its importance in understanding hadronization and EEC observables.
  • This work opens avenues for exploring nonperturbative TMDs using theoretical tools developed for energy correlators, potentially leading to new insights into QCD.