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Related Concept Videos

Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems01:23

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Ophthalmic drug delivery faces major limitations due to poor absorption across the corneal membrane. This process is primarily driven by diffusion and is influenced by two main factors: the physicochemical properties of the drug and tear drainage. Most ophthalmic drugs, such as pilocarpine, epinephrine, atropine, and local anesthetics, are weak bases. They are typically formulated at an acidic pH to enhance chemical stability. However, this leads to high ionization, reducing their ability to...
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Reproducible Transpalpebral Intraocular Pressure Sensing Enabled by Low-Energy-Barrier Ion Pumping.

Xueyang Ren1,2, Xuefei Zhu3, Xiaodong Shao3,4

  • 1School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.

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A new transpalpebral tonometer uses low-energy-barrier ion pumps for continuous intraocular pressure (IOP) monitoring. This innovation overcomes limitations of existing sensors, offering improved accuracy for glaucoma management.

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capacitive sensorsintraocular pressure monitoringion pumpsliquid metal nanoparticlestranspalpebral tonometers

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Ophthalmology
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) is a primary risk factor for glaucoma-related blindness, necessitating continuous monitoring.
  • Traditional transpalpebral tonometers (TTs) face accuracy issues due to eyelid cushion effects.
  • Existing ion-pump capacitive sensors show sensitivity loss at higher pressure ranges (0-10 kPa).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an advanced transpalpebral tonometer with enhanced sensitivity and a wider measurement range.
  • To overcome the limitations of hydrogen bond energies and steric hindrance in current ion-pump sensors.
  • To enable reliable, continuous IOP monitoring for effective glaucoma management.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a novel transpalpebral tonometer utilizing low-energy-barrier ion pumps.
  • Incorporation of (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES)-silanized liquid metal nanoparticles (LM NPs) as confining matrices.
  • Use of an ionic liquid as an ion donor to reduce hydrogen bond energy and matrix crystallinity.

Main Results:

  • The developed sensor exhibits a sensitivity of 24.88 kPa-1 with linearity maintained across a broad range (0-85 kPa).
  • Low-energy barriers were achieved through weaker hydrogen bonds and reduced matrix crystallinity induced by LM NPs.
  • In vivo animal trials demonstrated reliable continuous IOP monitoring over 120 minutes, detecting elevated IOP states.

Conclusions:

  • The novel transpalpebral tonometer effectively addresses sensitivity limitations of previous ion-pump sensors.
  • The sensor's design shows significant potential for continuous and accurate intraocular pressure monitoring.
  • This technology offers a promising advancement for clinical glaucoma management and preventing vision loss.