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Related Concept Videos

Development of the Limb Synovial Joints01:07

Development of the Limb Synovial Joints

Joints form during embryonic development in conjunction with the formation and growth of the associated bones. The embryonic tissue that gives rise to all bones, cartilage, and connective tissues of the body is called mesenchyme.
The mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into chondrocytes that form the hyaline cartilage, and later the cartilaginous model of the bone. This model further transforms into a bone. This process is known as endochondral ossification.
During development, the limbs...
Method of Joints01:30

Method of Joints

The method of joints is a commonly used technique to analyze the forces in structural trusses. The method is based on the principle of equilibrium, which assumes that the truss members are connected by frictionless pins. The forces at each joint can be determined by considering the equilibrium of the forces acting on that joint.
Since plane truss members are in the same plane, each joint is subjected to a coplanar and concurrent force system. To apply the method of joints, the first step is to...
Method of Joints: Problem Solving I01:30

Method of Joints: Problem Solving I

The method of joints is a commonly used technique to analyze the forces in structural trusses. The method is based on the principle of equilibrium, which assumes that the truss members are connected by frictionless pins. The forces at each joint can be determined by considering the equilibrium of the forces acting on that joint. Consider a truss structure with two forces of 20 N and 10 N acting at joints C and D, respectively. The method of joints can be used to determine the forces FCB, FDC,...
Method of Joints: Problem Solving II01:30

Method of Joints: Problem Solving II

Consider a truss structure with frictionless joints fixed to a wall and roller support. If a force of 150 N is applied to joint A, the forces in each member of the truss can be determined using the method of joints.
Space Trusses: Problem Solving01:29

Space Trusses: Problem Solving

A space truss is a three-dimensional counterpart of a planar truss. These structures consist of members connected at their ends, often utilizing ball-and-socket joints to create a stable and versatile framework. Due to its adaptability and capacity to withstand complex loads, the space truss is widely used in various construction projects.
Consider a tripod consisting of a tetrahedral space truss with a ball-and-socket joint at C. Suppose the height and lengths of the horizontal and vertical...
Deformation of Member under Multiple Loadings01:11

Deformation of Member under Multiple Loadings

When a rod is made of different materials or has various cross-sections, it must be divided into parts that meet the necessary conditions for determining the deformation. These parts are each characterized by their internal force, cross-sectional area, length, and modulus of elasticity. These parameters are then used to compute the deformation of the entire rod.
In the case of a member with a variable cross-section, the strain is not constant but depends on the position. The deformation of an...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Oscillation and Reaction Board Techniques for Estimating Inertial Properties of a Below-knee Prosthesis
08:08

Oscillation and Reaction Board Techniques for Estimating Inertial Properties of a Below-knee Prosthesis

Published on: May 8, 2014

Pressure Between Residual Limb and Transtibial Prosthesis Socket Considering Muscle Contraction: A Finite Element

Manuel Lucas Sampaio de Oliveira1, Thomas K Uchida2

  • 1Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Ottawa, 161 Louis-Pasteur, Ottawa, ON, K1N 6N5, Canada.

Annals of Biomedical Engineering
|May 6, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Muscle activity significantly increases residual limb socket pressure during walking, especially at the popliteal fossa. This finding is crucial for improving lower-limb prosthesis socket design and comfort.

Keywords:
Finite elementMuscle contractionProsthesisResiduumSocketTranstibial amputation

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Last Updated: Jun 28, 2026

Oscillation and Reaction Board Techniques for Estimating Inertial Properties of a Below-knee Prosthesis
08:08

Oscillation and Reaction Board Techniques for Estimating Inertial Properties of a Below-knee Prosthesis

Published on: May 8, 2014

Subject-specific Musculoskeletal Model for Studying Bone Strain During Dynamic Motion
09:32

Subject-specific Musculoskeletal Model for Studying Bone Strain During Dynamic Motion

Published on: April 11, 2018

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05:34

A Mini-Invasive Internal Fixation Technique for Studying Immobilization-Induced Knee Flexion Contracture in Rats

Published on: May 20, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Prosthetics

Background:

  • Lower-limb prostheses restore mobility but can cause discomfort due to atypical stresses on the residual limb (residuum).
  • Proper socket fit is essential to prevent pain and tissue damage, accommodating residuum shape changes during movement.
  • Muscle contractions alter residuum shape, impacting socket fit and interfacial pressure during daily activities like walking.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of muscle contraction on residuum-socket interfacial pressure during gait.
  • To develop the first finite element model simulating muscle effects on residuum-socket pressure.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a novel finite element model to analyze residuum-socket interfacial pressure.
  • Incorporated the effect of muscle contraction (gastrocnemius) into the model.
  • Simulated pressure variations during different phases of the gait cycle.

Main Results:

  • Interfacial pressure increased in critical residuum areas during heel strike and toe-off when the gastrocnemius muscle was active versus passive.
  • The popliteal fossa region experienced the highest pressure increase (42%) during heel strike with full muscle activity.
  • Muscle contraction demonstrably alters pressure distribution within the socket.

Conclusions:

  • Muscle contraction significantly impacts residuum-socket interfacial pressure throughout the gait cycle.
  • Findings offer valuable insights for optimizing the design and manufacturing of lower-limb prosthesis sockets.
  • Improved socket design can enhance user comfort and reduce the risk of tissue damage.