Diagnostic and Prognostic Value of Hematological and Biochemical Profiles in Pediatric Hematologic Malignancies

This study aimed to evaluate the hematological parameters and biochemical profiles of common pediatric hematological malignancies in the Madinah region of Saudi Arabia. The objective was to identify a factor that could be utilized for screening and/or prognosis.

This study is a retrospective analysis conducted from 2016 to 2022. The research involved 172 children under the age of 16 who had received a diagnosis of hematological malignancies. The data was obtained from King Salman Medical City's Maternity and Children's Hospital located in Madinah, Saudi Arabia.

This study found 13 types of HMs. The hematological and biochemical profiles have been assessed for the four predominant HM subtypes in the research region: B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), acute myelomonocytic leukemia (AML-M4), T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), and acute myeloid leukemia M3 (AML-M3). Only AML-M4 and T-ALL had significantly variable WBCs, whereas all four types evaluated in this study had significantly different Hb and platelets. WBC differentials were varied, but some were significant, and others were not. Biochemical profile data on the four prevalent types varied. B-ALL had elevated AST, GGT, and BUN. However, only GGT and BUN were significant in AML-M4. T-ALL had significant ALT, AST, GGT, and CREA. AST alone was significant in AML-M3. LDH was noticeably significant in all four categories.

In this study, 13 HMs were identified. The study assessed the hematological and biochemical profiles of the four most common HM subtypes in the region. Pediatric malignancies, although infrequent, play a significant role in child mortality. The data from this study may facilitate swift disease diagnosis and prognosis.