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Transverse mode coupling in monolithic few-mode fiber laser oscillators.

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Area of Science:

  • Physics
  • Optics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Transverse mode instability (TMI) is a key limitation in high-power fiber laser scaling.
  • Nonlinear thermal-optical coupling and mode competition complicate TMI in fiber oscillators.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore TMI phenomena in few-mode fiber oscillators using a holistic approach.
  • To develop strategies for mitigating TMI and achieving higher power outputs.

Main Methods:

  • Solving steady-state thermal-optic coupling equations for simulations.
  • Investigating the correlation between bending loss and TMI threshold.
  • Designing low-reflection gratings (LRs) to manage modal power.
  • Optimizing fiber coiling and LR linewidth.

Main Results:

  • Discovered a non-monotonic correlation between bending loss and TMI threshold, contradicting two-mode interaction theory.
  • Demonstrated that modal power redistribution in independent frequency domains mitigates TMI.
  • Achieved a record 10.07 kW monolithic fiber laser output without observable TMI.

Conclusions:

  • Modal power redistribution via LR linewidth design is a novel approach to mitigate TMI.
  • Optimized LR linewidth and fiber coiling significantly elevate the TMI threshold.
  • Findings offer new insights into mode decoupling for high-power fiber lasers and fiber communications.