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Area of Science:

  • Photonics and Laser Technology
  • Optical Fiber Communications
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Hollow-core fiber gas lasers (HCFGLs) have rapidly advanced due to improvements in hollow-core fiber (HCF) technology.
  • The unique hollow-core structure provides an extended light-gas interaction region, enhancing laser performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the fundamental principles and recent research progress in HCFGLs.
  • To provide insights into the historical development and future trends of HCFGLs.

Main Methods:

  • Review of historical development of HCFs and HCFGLs.
  • Detailed introduction to HCFGLs based on population inversion and stimulated Raman scattering.
  • Analysis of power enhancement, spectral expansion, and application potential.

Main Results:

  • HCFGLs demonstrate broadband emission from UV to mid-infrared (MIR), with record output >4.8 μm.
  • Output power exceeds 100 W in the near-infrared and 21.8 W in the MIR.
  • Reduced HCF attenuation, especially in the MIR, enhances potential applications.

Conclusions:

  • HCFGLs offer high efficiency, beam quality, and tunability.
  • Continued HCF development promises expanded applications in sensing, communication, medicine, and defense.
  • Future research focuses on increasing power, broadening spectra, and realizing practical applications.