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Updated: May 14, 2025

Hydrogen Production and Utilization in a Membrane Reactor
Published on: March 10, 2023
Challenges and Emerging Trends in Hydrogen Energy Industrialization: From Hydrogen Evolution Reaction to Storage,
Shiyu Xu1,2, Peng Zhang2, Lei Li1
1College of Biological, Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, 314001, China.
Green hydrogen (H2) offers a sustainable energy solution via water electrolysis. This review comprehensively analyzes the entire green hydrogen industry chain, from production to storage and transport, highlighting its potential.
Area of Science:
- Energy Science
- Electrochemistry
- Environmental Science
Background:
- Green hydrogen (H2) is a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels, produced via water electrolysis with zero carbon emissions.
- Current research often focuses narrowly on specific components like hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electrocatalysts or electrolyzer technology.
- A holistic view of the integrated green hydrogen economy, encompassing the entire industrial chain, is frequently overlooked.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a comprehensive analysis of green hydrogen energy industrialization from an integrated industry chain perspective.
- To review advancements in hydrogen production (HER, seawater HER, electrolyzers), storage, and transportation.
- To explore real-world projects, life cycle assessments, and challenges in the green hydrogen supply chain.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of recent advancements in green hydrogen production, storage, and transportation.
- Analysis of innovations in electrocatalysis for HER and seawater HER.
- Examination of electrolyzer technologies and their industrial-scale applicability.
- Review of life cycle assessment studies and real-world green hydrogen projects.
Main Results:
- Significant progress in HER, seawater HER electrocatalysts, and electrolyzer development enables industrial-scale H2 production.
- Innovations in hydrogen storage and transportation are crucial for supply chain integration.
- Life cycle assessments confirm the environmental benefits of green hydrogen produced using renewable energy.
- Strategies to mitigate competing reactions, such as chlorine evolution, are advancing.
Conclusions:
- The green hydrogen economy holds substantial growth potential, driven by technological advancements across the supply chain.
- A comprehensive, integrated approach is necessary to overcome challenges and accelerate industrialization.
- Further research and development are vital to propel the hydrogen economy forward and achieve widespread adoption.
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