Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

First Law: Particles in Two-dimensional Equilibrium01:18

First Law: Particles in Two-dimensional Equilibrium

5.0K
Recall that a particle in equilibrium is one for which the external forces are balanced. Static equilibrium involves objects at rest, and dynamic equilibrium involves objects in motion without acceleration; but it is important to remember that these conditions are relative. For instance, an object may be at rest when viewed from one frame of reference, but that same object would appear to be in motion when viewed by someone moving at a constant velocity.
Newton's first law tells us about...
5.0K
Collisions in Multiple Dimensions: Introduction01:05

Collisions in Multiple Dimensions: Introduction

4.5K
It is far more common for collisions to occur in two dimensions; that is, the initial velocity vectors are neither parallel nor antiparallel to each other. Let's see what complications arise from this. The first idea is that momentum is a vector. Like all vectors, it can be expressed as a sum of perpendicular components (usually, though not always, an x-component and a y-component, and a z-component if necessary). Thus, when the statement of conservation of momentum is written for a...
4.5K
Collisions in Multiple Dimensions: Problem Solving01:06

Collisions in Multiple Dimensions: Problem Solving

3.5K
In multiple dimensions, the conservation of momentum applies in each direction independently. Hence, to solve collisions in multiple dimensions, we should write down the momentum conservation in each direction separately. To help understand collisions in multiple dimensions, consider an example.
A small car of mass 1,200 kg traveling east at 60 km/h collides at an intersection with a truck of mass 3,000 kg traveling due north at 40 km/h. The two vehicles are locked together. What is the...
3.5K
Differential Form of Maxwell's Equations01:17

Differential Form of Maxwell's Equations

376
James Clerk Maxwell (1831–1879) was one of the significant contributors to physics in the nineteenth century. He is probably best known for having combined existing knowledge of the laws of electricity and the laws of magnetism with his insights to form a complete overarching electromagnetic theory, represented by Maxwell's equations. The four basic laws of electricity and magnetism were discovered experimentally through the work of physicists such as Oersted, Coulomb, Gauss, and...
376
The Principle of Superposition and the Gravitational Field01:17

The Principle of Superposition and the Gravitational Field

1.3K
The principle of superposition applies to gravitational forces of objects that are sufficiently far apart. It states that the net gravitational force on a point object is the vector sum of the gravitational forces on it due to various objects. The principle helps calculate the force by listing the individual forces and then vectorially summing them up. However, it should be noted that the principle of superposition is not always apparent. In the presence of a second force, the first force could...
1.3K
Steady, Laminar Flow Between Parallel Plates01:17

Steady, Laminar Flow Between Parallel Plates

92
Understanding steady, laminar flow between parallel plates is essential for analyzing and designing flow in narrow rectangular channels, commonly found in various water conveyance and drainage systems. The Navier-Stokes equations govern fluid motion and are generally challenging to solve due to their nonlinearity. However, simplifications are possible in certain cases, like the steady laminar flow between parallel plates. For this scenario, we assume steady, incompressible, laminar flow.
92

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Loss of cGAS facilitates angiogenesis in diabetic foot ulcer healing by suppressing the STING/ferroptosis pathway.

International immunopharmacology·2026
Same author

Gate-Tunable Te-WSe<sub>2</sub> Heterojunction Diodes for Polarization Detection and Logic Operation Application.

Small methods·2025
Same author

Peculiarities of room temperature organic photodetectors.

Light, science & applications·2025
Same author

Flat-band quantum materials empowering self-adapted ultrabroadband detectors.

Nature communications·2025
Same author

Fowler-Nordheim Tunneling in AlGaN MIS Heterostructures with Atomically Thin <i>h</i>-BN Layer Dependence and Performance Limits.

Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)·2025
Same author

Endovascular repair of type B acute aortic syndromes involving the left subclavian artery: A retrospective single-centre study.

PloS one·2025
Same journal

Correction: Jiang et al. Methods for Obtaining One Single Larmor Frequency, Either <i>v</i><sub>1</sub> or <i>v</i><sub>2</sub>, in the Coherent Spin Dynamics of Colloidal Quantum Dots. <i>Nanomaterials</i> 2023, <i>13</i>, 2006.

Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

Correction: Ekman et al. Synthesis, Characterization, and Adsorption Properties of Nitrogen-Doped Nanoporous Biochar: Efficient Removal of Reactive Orange 16 Dye and Colorful Effluents. <i>Nanomaterials</i> 2023, <i>13</i>, 2045.

Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

Ti<sub>3</sub>C<sub>2</sub>T<sub>x</sub>-Based Materials and Coatings for De-Icing and Defogging of Wind Turbine Blades: Materials Basis, Structural Design, Engineering Integration, and Future Opportunities.

Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

Influence of the Ripeness Stages of the Precursors on the Optical Characteristics of Carbon Dots Obtained from Valencia Orange Peels (<i>Citrus sinensis</i> L. Osbeck) by Hydrothermal Synthesis.

Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

Insights into ALD Growth of Al-Based Dielectric Stack on 4H-SiC.

Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same journal

Metal-<i>N</i>-Heterocyclic Carbene Porous Organic Polymers as Efficient Bifunctional Water-Splitting Electrocatalysts.

Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

Data Processing Methods for 3D Seismic Imaging of Subsurface Volcanoes: Applications to the Tarim Flood Basalt
07:58

Data Processing Methods for 3D Seismic Imaging of Subsurface Volcanoes: Applications to the Tarim Flood Basalt

Published on: August 7, 2017

Avalanche Multiplication in Two-Dimensional Layered Materials: Principles and Applications.

Zhangxinyu Zhou1,2, Mengyang Kang1,3, Yueyue Fang1,4

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Infrared Physics, Shanghai Institute of Technical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200083, China.

Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland)
|May 13, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Two-dimensional (2D) materials enable high-performance avalanche devices by leveraging carrier multiplication for signal amplification. This review explores 2D material-based avalanche devices for advanced electronic and optoelectronic applications.

Keywords:
avalanche multiplication effectavalanche photodiodesimpact ionization field-effect transistorsneuromorphic devicestwo-dimensional materials

More Related Videos

Evolution of Staircase Structures in Diffusive Convection
07:28

Evolution of Staircase Structures in Diffusive Convection

Published on: September 5, 2018

Exfoliation and Analysis of Large-area, Air-Sensitive Two-Dimensional Materials
10:18

Exfoliation and Analysis of Large-area, Air-Sensitive Two-Dimensional Materials

Published on: January 5, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 8, 2026

Data Processing Methods for 3D Seismic Imaging of Subsurface Volcanoes: Applications to the Tarim Flood Basalt
07:58

Data Processing Methods for 3D Seismic Imaging of Subsurface Volcanoes: Applications to the Tarim Flood Basalt

Published on: August 7, 2017

Evolution of Staircase Structures in Diffusive Convection
07:28

Evolution of Staircase Structures in Diffusive Convection

Published on: September 5, 2018

Exfoliation and Analysis of Large-area, Air-Sensitive Two-Dimensional Materials
10:18

Exfoliation and Analysis of Large-area, Air-Sensitive Two-Dimensional Materials

Published on: January 5, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Electrical Engineering

Background:

  • The avalanche multiplication effect amplifies weak signals, crucial for avalanche photodiodes and transistors used in imaging and communications.
  • Current avalanche devices require enhanced performance, including lower energy consumption and higher sensitivity, to meet evolving technological demands.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review carrier multiplication mechanisms and performance metrics for avalanche devices.
  • To explore the potential of two-dimensional (2D) materials in developing next-generation high-performance avalanche devices.
  • To highlight applications of 2D material-based avalanche devices in logic circuits, optoelectronics, and neuromorphic computing.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on carrier multiplication mechanisms and avalanche device performance.
  • Analysis of device structures utilizing the avalanche multiplication effect in 2D materials.
  • Discussion of electrical and optoelectronic properties of these devices.

Main Results:

  • 2D materials offer unique properties like strong light-matter interaction and tunable bandgaps for superior avalanche device performance.
  • Various 2D material-based device structures demonstrate potential for improved efficiency and sensitivity.
  • Applications span logic circuits, optoelectronic components, and advanced computing systems.

Conclusions:

  • 2D materials present a promising platform for advancing avalanche device technology.
  • Further research into novel device architectures and multiplication mechanisms is essential.
  • These devices hold significant potential for future innovations in electronics and optoelectronics.