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Updated: Jun 14, 2025
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Oral Biofilm Formation on Different Materials for Dental Implants
Published on: June 24, 2018
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Complex in vitro model systems to understand the biointerfaces of dental implants
Lisa A Krattiger1, Anne Géraldine Guex1
1Department Research, University Center for Dental Medicine Basel UZB, University of Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Switzerland.
Summary
This review highlights the need for advanced in vitro models to assess new dental implant materials. Current methods are limited, emphasizing the need for predictive, standardized protocols for better material evaluation.
Area of Science:
- Biomaterials Science
- Dental Implantology
- Cell Biology
Background:
- Dental implant research increasingly requires novel materials and surface functionalities.
- Evaluating these innovations necessitates robust in vitro models.
- Existing models often lack the complexity to fully predict clinical outcomes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review current in vitro models for evaluating dental implant materials and surface functionalities.
- To focus on the concepts and types of models used, rather than specific materials or cells.
- To identify gaps and future directions in in vitro dental research.
Main Methods:
- A narrative review of literature from PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar.
- Focused on in vitro studies using mammalian cells to assess soft tissue adhesion and osseointegration.
- Included 147 articles using keywords related to in vitro models, dental materials, and cell-material interactions.
Main Results:
- Most studies utilize static 2D cell cultures on material discs.
- More advanced 2D models explore multiple cell types and signaling pathways.
- Truly 3D and dynamic culture models, including "implant-on-a-chip" systems, are emerging but underrepresented.
- There is a need for more research and standardized protocols for material evaluation.
Conclusions:
- Novel materials will supplement current titanium and zirconia dental implants.
- More predictive in vitro evaluations are crucial for material assessment and regulatory compliance.
- Advanced models are needed to reduce reliance on animal studies and meet patient-specific demands.
