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Electrochemical Boron Detection with Ferrocene and Catechol-Functionalized Cyclodextrin Inclusion Complex.

Kai Sato1, Hiroshi Kimoto2, Takeshi Hashimoto1

  • 1Department of Materials and Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, 7-1 Kioi-cho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-8554, Japan.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|May 14, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a sensitive boron detection method using amplified electrochemical signals from a supramolecular complex. Boron presence decreases the signal, enabling accurate detection in water samples.

Keywords:
boron detectioncatecholconcerted oxidationcurrent amplificationcyclodextrinferrocenesupramoleculevoltammetry

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Electrochemistry
  • Supramolecular Chemistry

Background:

  • Boron detection is crucial for environmental monitoring and water quality assessment.
  • Existing methods for boron detection can be complex or lack sensitivity.
  • Electrochemical methods offer potential for rapid and sensitive analyte detection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a rapid and sensitive boron detection method using supramolecular interactions and electrochemical signal amplification.
  • To investigate the mechanism of boron interaction with a functionalized cyclodextrin-ferrocene complex.
  • To establish optimal conditions and assess the performance of the developed boron sensor.

Main Methods:

  • Cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements of ferrocene/catechol-functionalized β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes.
  • Utilizing an EC' reaction for current amplification.
  • Investigating the effect of boric acid addition on the amplified electrochemical signal.
  • Optimizing cyclodextrin (CyD) functionalization sites and measurement conditions.

Main Results:

  • A sensitive boron detection method with a limit of detection of 0.16 mg B L⁻¹ was achieved using ferrocene/3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid-β-cyclodextrin (Fc/3,4-DHBA-β-CyD).
  • Boric acid addition decreased the amplified current due to ester formation with the diol structure and ferrocene.
  • The binding constant for the interaction between Fc/3,4-DHBA-β-CyD and boric acid was estimated at ~1500 M⁻¹.
  • The sensor demonstrated good recoveries in spiked real samples and was unaffected by other ions.
  • The 3,4-DHBA-β-CyD solution showed excellent stability over 112 days.

Conclusions:

  • The developed electrochemical sensor provides a rapid, sensitive, and selective method for boron detection in aqueous samples.
  • Supramolecular interactions and EC' reactions are effective for amplifying electrochemical signals for analyte sensing.
  • The Fc/3,4-DHBA-β-CyD system shows promise for practical boron monitoring applications.