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This study numerically investigated multilayer surface plasmon resonance (SPR) sensors. Configurations with silicon nitride (Si3N4) and black phosphorus (BP) showed the highest angular sensitivity for enhanced biosensing applications.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Optoelectronics and Photonics
  • Nanomaterials and Sensor Technology

Background:

  • Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) sensors are crucial for label-free biosensing.
  • Optimizing multilayer structures is key to enhancing SPR sensor performance.
  • Black phosphorus (BP) and silicon nitride (Si3N4) are promising materials for advanced sensor designs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To numerically investigate multilayer SPR sensor architectures.
  • To evaluate the impact of BK7, silver, Si3N4, and BP layers on sensor performance.
  • To optimize layer thicknesses for improved sensing capabilities.

Main Methods:

  • Numerical simulation using the transfer matrix method.
  • Evaluation of four distinct multilayer configurations.
  • Analysis of sensor performance metrics including angular sensitivity, resonance shift, and limit of detection.

Main Results:

  • Configurations integrating Si3N4 and BP achieved the highest angular sensitivity, up to 394.46°/RIU.
  • Optimized layer thicknesses significantly influenced sensor response.
  • Increased sensitivity correlated with higher attenuation and spectral broadening, indicating design trade-offs.

Conclusions:

  • Multilayer SPR sensors incorporating Si3N4 and BP offer superior angular sensitivity.
  • Numerical modeling provides a valuable framework for optimizing SPR sensor design.
  • The study highlights critical trade-offs in balancing sensitivity with other performance parameters.