Addition of Microscale Topographies to Silk Fibroin Film Modulates Corneal Endothelial Cell Behavior

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Tissue Engineering
• Regenerative Medicine

Background:

• Biomimicry, using micro- and nanotopographical patterns, enhances biomaterial function by mimicking native tissue architecture.
• Silk fibroin films show promise for corneal endothelial regeneration due to favorable optical and mechanical properties.

Purpose of the Study:

• To improve silk fibroin film design for corneal endothelial regeneration by incorporating native tissue micropatterns.
• To evaluate the impact of hexagonal and microgroove patterns on silk films regarding cell behavior and function.

Main Methods:

• Silk fibroin films with and without hexagonal or microgroove patterns were fabricated.
• Mechanical and optical properties were analyzed (Young's modulus, light transmittance).
• Cell adhesion, proliferation, morphology, and marker expression (Na-K ATPase) were assessed.

Main Results:

• Patterned films exhibited improved elasticity, roughness, and hydrophilicity.
• Cell adhesion was similar across all film types.
• Proliferation decreased on patterned films, particularly hexagons, which also induced larger, variable cell sizes.
• Microgrooved films significantly increased Na-K ATPase expression.

Conclusions:

• Simple micropatterns on silk fibroin films can optimize corneal endothelial cell morphology and function.
• Microgrooved silk films show potential for enhancing functional quality in endothelial transplantation.
• This research provides insights for developing advanced biomaterial strategies in tissue engineering.