Spheno-Orbital Meningiomas: Advances in Reconstruction Workflow and Cosmetic/Functional Outcomes in the Digital Era

Spheno-orbital (SOM) meningioma is a rare subtype of skull base tumor characterized by the proliferation of arachnoid cap cells with intradural expansion, hyperostosis of calvarial and spheno-orbital bone, and consecutive infiltration of critical surrounding neurovascular structures of the frontotemporal base of the skull. Surgical resection is often challenging due to the infiltrative growth and the anatomically complex localization. In most cases, a microsurgical transcranial approach is performed, resulting in the need to reconstruct the orbit with or without a cranioplasty. This review highlights the evolution and current state-of-the-art reconstructive strategies used in SOM surgery.