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Updated: May 16, 2025

Generation of Oligodendrocytes and Oligodendrocyte-Conditioned Medium for Co-Culture Experiments
Published on: February 9, 2020
Oligodendrogenesis in Evolution, Development and Adulthood
Hao Hu1, Tianhao Gao1, Jingwei Zhao2
1Wolfson Institute for Biomedical Research, Division of Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University College London, London, UK.
None:
Oligodendrogenesis and myelin formation are important processes in the central nervous system (CNS) of jawed vertebrates, underpinning the highly efficient neural computation within the compact CNS architecture. Myelin, the dense lipid sheath wrapped around axons, enables rapid signal transmission and modulation of neural circuits. Oligodendrocytes are generated from oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs), which are widely distributed in the adult CNS and continue to produce new oligodendrocytes throughout life. Adult oligodendrogenesis is integral to adaptive myelination, which fine-tunes neural circuits in response to neuronal activity, contributing to neuroplasticity, learning, and memory. Emerging evidence also highlights the role of oligodendrogenesis in specialized brain regions, linking oligodendrocytes to metabolic and homeostatic functions. In the aging and diseased brain, dysregulated oligodendrogenesis exacerbates myelin loss and may contribute to pathogenesis. In addition, maladaptive myelination driven by aberrant neuronal activity could sustain a dysfunction in conditions such as epilepsy. This review summarizes the current understanding of oligodendrogenesis, with insights into its evolution, regulation, and impact on aging and disease.
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