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Related Concept Videos

Menopause01:28

Menopause

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Menopause, a natural biological process marking the end of a woman's fertility, typically occurs between the fifth and sixth decade of life. This phase is characterized by the exhaustion of the ovarian follicle pool, leading to less responsive ovaries despite the high levels of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH). The consequential decrease in estrogen production results in symptoms like hot flashes, heavy sweating, headaches, hair loss, muscle pains, vaginal...
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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
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The growth and maintenance of bone are regulated by a combination of nutritional factors, including vitamins, such as vitamin A, B12, C, D, and K.
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Levels of Health Promotion and Illness Prevention01:26

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Health promotion allows a person to control the determinants of health, resulting in an improved health status. It enhances the quality of life and reduces premature deaths. Health promotion and illness prevention programs help people make beneficial choices to reduce the risk of disease and disabilities. There are three health promotion and illness prevention levels: primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.
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Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle01:22

Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle

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The ovarian cycle regulates endometrial changes throughout a single menstrual cycle via the coordinated action of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and gonadotrophins.
At puberty, GnRH begins a pulsatile release pattern, which triggers the anterior pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The frequency and amplitude of GnRH pulses vary across the menstrual cycle, with faster pulses favoring LH release and slower pulses favoring FSH...
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Lifestyle Factors and Health01:20

Lifestyle Factors and Health

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Lifestyle factors play a critical role in maintaining overall health and preventing chronic diseases. Key elements, such as regular physical activity, a nutritious diet, and abstinence from smoking, can significantly enhance physical, mental, and emotional well-being while reducing the risk of several life-threatening conditions.
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An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause
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Health Maintenance in Postmenopausal Women.

Monica Plesa1, Anita Wong1, Ereni Katsaggelos1

  • 1David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles.

American Family Physician
|May 16, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Postmenopausal women require tailored preventive care, focusing on cardiovascular disease risk factors, cancer screenings (breast, lung, colorectal, cervical), and osteoporosis detection. Regular screenings are crucial for early detection and management of age-related health concerns.

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Area of Science:

  • Preventive Medicine
  • Women's Health
  • Geriatrics

Background:

  • Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the primary cause of death in US women.
  • Postmenopausal women face unique health considerations requiring specific preventive strategies.
  • Risk factors for CVD include diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, necessitating routine screening.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline essential preventive care guidelines for postmenopausal women.
  • To emphasize the importance of early detection and management of common health risks in this demographic.
  • To provide a comprehensive overview of recommended screenings and diagnostic tools.

Main Methods:

  • Routine screening for cardiovascular disease risk factors (diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia).
  • Calculation of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ASCVD) 10-year risk scores.
  • Age and risk-appropriate cancer screenings: mammography, low-dose computed tomography (LDCT), and colorectal cancer screening.
  • Bone density testing for osteoporosis using dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA).
  • Screening for mental health conditions and substance use disorders.

Main Results:

  • Postmenopausal women should undergo regular screening for CVD risk factors, with risk scores guiding interventions like statin therapy.
  • Recommended cancer screenings include mammography (annually from age 40), LDCT for smokers (annually aged 50-80), and colorectal cancer screening (ages 45-75).
  • Cervical cancer screening can cease after age 65 with adequate prior screening, while osteoporosis screening (DXA) is recommended for women 65+.
  • Treatment for osteoporosis is indicated for T-scores ≤ -2.5 or high Fracture Risk Assessment Tool (FRAX) scores.
  • Screening for HIV, hepatitis, depression, anxiety, and substance use disorders is advised.

Conclusions:

  • A proactive, evidence-based approach to preventive care is vital for postmenopausal women's health.
  • Tailored screening protocols for cardiovascular disease, various cancers, and osteoporosis can significantly reduce morbidity and mortality.
  • Comprehensive screening, including mental health and infectious diseases, addresses the holistic health needs of postmenopausal women.