The effect of cerium oxide on liver in sevoflurane-administered rats: an experimental study

Sevoflurane, a commonly used inhalational anesthetic, has been associated with hepatotoxicity, although reports are often isolated. Cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO₂) are effective free radical scavengers with potential therapeutic applications for oxidative stress-related damage. This study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of CeO₂ on liver damage in sevoflurane-administered rats.

A total of 24 male Wistar albino rats were randomized into four groups: Control (C), Sevoflurane (S), Cerium Oxide (CeO₂), and Sevoflurane + Cerium Oxide (S + CeO₂). Sevoflurane was administered at 2% concentration with 100% oxygen at 4 L/min for 2 h in Groups S and S + CeO₂. CeO₂ (0.5 mg/kg) was administered intravenously in Groups CeO₂ and S + CeO₂. Biochemical analyses of alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), hemoglobin (Hgb), and hematocrit (Hct) were performed, and liver tissues were examined histopathologically.

Hydropic degeneration and neutrophil infiltration were significantly lower in Group CeO₂ compared to Group S. Group S showed elevated AST and LDH levels compared to the control (p < 0.05). Although AST levels were lower in Groups CeO₂ and S + CeO₂ than in Group S, the difference was not statistically significant. LDH levels were significantly lower in Group S + CeO₂ compared to Group S (p = 0.045). Histopathological examination confirmed reduced liver damage in CeO₂-treated groups.

This study is of significance since it is the first experimental study on the effect of CeO2 on liver damage caused by sevoflurane. Cerium oxide demonstrated potential in mitigating sevoflurane-induced liver damage. Further research is warranted to explore the clinical relevance of CeO₂ in hepatic injury.