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Considerations for trustworthy cross-border interoperability of digital identity systems in developing countries
Ayei Ibor1,2, Mark Hooper1, Carsten Maple1,3
1Trustworthy Digital Infrastructure for Identity Systems, The Alan Turing Institute, London, UK.
AI & Society
|May 19, 2025
Summary
Foundational Identity Systems (FIDS) enable better service delivery and economic growth. Cross-border interoperability of these systems in Africa is crucial for e-government, despite political and privacy challenges.
Area of Science:
- Digital Governance
- Socio-economic Development
- Information Systems
Background:
- Foundational Identity Systems (FIDS) optimize service delivery and economic growth in developing nations.
- Cross-border e-government relies on identity federation and interoperability via FIDS.
- Interoperability of FIDS in Africa's identity ecosystem remains under-researched.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine the challenges, opportunities, and requirements for cross-border FIDS interoperability in Africa.
- To propose an approach for achieving a functional interoperable identity ecosystem in the African context.
- To highlight the importance of interoperability for e-government and inclusive growth.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of existing interoperability solutions (e.g., EU's eIDAS, Estonian X-Road).
- Investigation of political, institutional, and technical barriers to FIDS interoperability in Africa.
- Development of a requirements-scoping approach for African interoperable identity systems.
Main Results:
- Weak institutions and low public trust pose significant challenges to FIDS implementation and interoperability in Africa.
- Vendor lock-in, compatibility issues, and unclear data exchange regulations hinder cross-system integration.
- Interoperability is fundamental for effective e-government, social security, education, finance, and gender equality.
Conclusions:
- Cross-border FIDS interoperability is essential for expanding e-government services across Africa.
- A unified, interoperable identity system with robust data governance is key to inclusive economic growth.
- Addressing political dynamics, trust, and technical standards is critical for realizing Africa's digital identity potential.
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