An update on the effect of metals on stemness properties of mesenchymal stem cells

The metal-based devices may corrode, degrade, or release metal ions and fragments after being implanted in the body, exhibiting their own consequences on hosting organs/tissues. The biocompatibility of metal implants has been investigated in various studies using a number of cell types. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are more relevant cells than others for evaluating the cytocompatibility of metal-based orthopedic implants because they are essential cells for bone regeneration and a promising cell population in regenerative medicine. In this regard, stemness preservation of MSCs is a key property in both body's own repair process and success of renewing/compensating approaches. In general, MSCs adhesion, viability, and function at the cell-metal interface is directly dependent on the metal alloys composing elements, which, along with consideration of compatibility, could guarantee the success of implants. This review scrutinizes the effects of orthopedic metal materials on the biocompatibility and stemness of MSCs at metal interface. Additionally, in vivo, host responses to metal implants are investigated.