Development and Validation of a Hybrid Simulation Model for Septoplasty Training

To develop, describe, and validate a novel hybrid training model for endoscopic septoplasty that combines pig ears with a 3D-printed model.

The pig ear was chosen for its similarity to the human septum and wide availability. A frame for the nasal septum substitute was designed to mimic the appearance of a human nose, securely anchor the septum, and create a bend to simulate a deviated septum. The external nose was 3D-printed using polylactic acid (PLA) filament. The model underwent validation with a group of 13 junior and 7 senior trainees who performed endoscopic septoplasties on the simulator and completed a subjective assessment tool; recordings of their procedures were also analyzed and graded in a blind manner.

Overall, residents agreed that the simulator is a good training tool for knowledge of the steps of a septoplasty (mean = 4.67 ± 0.59), as well as for the skills required of the procedure (mean rating = 4.61 ± 0.50). Residents also agreed that the simulator had adequately realistic characteristics and features (mean = 4.13 ± 0.81). Junior residents more strongly agreed than the senior residents that the simulator improved their knowledge of performing a septoplasty (4.50 ± 0.90 vs 3.40 ± 0.55, P < .01). Senior residents performed significantly better in all assessed domains and completed the procedure significantly faster than junior residents.

This study describes the first endoscopic septoplasty simulator to combine a pig ear with a 3D-printed model. The model provides realistic tactile feedback of the human nasal septum while offering a precise, standardized, and reproducible construction at an affordable cost. Our findings support the validity of this simulator that can provide an opportunity for otolaryngology trainees to improve their septoplasty skills in a safe and effective manner.