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Design, Application, and Actionability of US Public Health Data Dashboards: Scoping Review
Gretchen Stahlman1, Itzhak Yanovitzky2, Miriam Kim2
1School of Information, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, United States.
Journal of Medical Internet Research
|May 21, 2025
Summary
Public health data dashboards are often not actionable for decision-making due to design and usability gaps. Further research is needed to improve their utility and impact on public health practice.
Area of Science:
- Public Health Informatics
- Health Data Science
- Information Systems
Background:
- Data dashboards are increasingly vital for providing public health decision-makers with timely and relevant data.
- Ubiquitous adoption necessitates understanding their integration with public health data systems and user decision-making processes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To conduct a scoping review of US national public health data dashboards.
- To analyze the current knowledge on dashboard design, application, and actionability.
- To identify gaps in literature and clarify the operationalization of actionability.
Main Methods:
- Adherence to PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews) guidelines.
- Comprehensive search of refereed articles, conference proceedings, and reports (2000-2023) in CINAHL, PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and gray literature.
- Inclusion of 89 out of 2544 retrieved documents, with iterative intercoder reliability testing for data extraction.
Main Results:
- Reviewed dashboards (N=89) primarily focus on epidemiological surveillance (57%) and health disparities (30%), limiting policy/practice guidance.
- Most dashboards are institutionally created, with unclear tailoring to intended users (public health professionals, policymakers, researchers).
- Usability and usefulness are often inferred, with limited rigorous assessment and only 47% of dashboards remaining accessible.
Conclusions:
- Significant fragmentation and lack of scientific rigor exist in public health dashboard research.
- Critical gaps include coherent theoretical frameworks and empirical tests linking dashboard features to user decisions and actions.
- Operationalizing 'actionability' is key to advancing scholarship and practice in this field.
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