Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Factors Affecting Perception01:25

Factors Affecting Perception

1.4K
Perception is influenced by perceptual set, context, motivation, and emotion. Perceptual set, or perceptual expectancy, refers to the tendency to perceive things in a particular way, influenced by previous experiences and expectations. This phenomenon affects the interpretation of stimuli, creating a set of mental tendencies and assumptions that impact sensory perceptions of sound, taste, touch, and sight.
An illustrative example of a perceptual set is the scenario where an airline pilot told...
1.4K
Perceptual Constancy01:12

Perceptual Constancy

312
Perceptual constancy is the ability to recognize that objects remain consistent and unchanged even when their appearance varies due to changes in sensory input. There are four main types of perceptual constancy: size constancy, shape constancy, color constancy, and brightness constancy.
Size constancy is the recognition that an object remains the same size, even when its image on the retina changes. For instance, a bus is perceived to be large enough to carry people, even if it looks tiny from...
312
Cause and Effect01:53

Cause and Effect

10.8K
While variables are sometimes correlated because one does cause the other, it could also be that some other factor, a confounding variable, is actually causing the systematic movement in our variables of interest. For instance, as sales in ice cream increase, so does the overall rate of crime. Is it possible that indulging in your favorite flavor of ice cream could send you on a crime spree? Or, after committing crime do you think you might decide to treat yourself to a cone?
10.8K
Decision Making01:20

Decision Making

75
Decision-making is a fundamental cognitive process that involves evaluating alternatives and selecting among them. This process can range from simple choices, such as deciding what to wear, to complex decisions, like choosing a major in college or a career path. The complexity of the decision often dictates the approach we use, which can be broadly categorized into two types: automatic and controlled decision-making.
Automatic decision-making is fast, intuitive, and relies on gut feelings...
75
Deindividuation00:57

Deindividuation

26.1K
Deindividuation is a form of social influence on an individual’s behavior such that the individual engages in unusual or non-normal behavior while in a group setting. Why? Because in these group settings, the individual no longer sees themselves as an individual anymore, disinhibiting their behavior and personal restraint.
26.1K
Confirmation Biases01:31

Confirmation Biases

5.4K
The confirmation bias is the tendency to focus on information that confirms our existing beliefs and ignore information that is inconsistent with our expectations. For example, if you think that your professor is not very nice, you notice all of the instances of rude behavior exhibited by the professor while ignoring the countless pleasant interactions he is involved in on a daily basis. Have you ever fallen prey to the confirmation bias, either as the source or target of such bias?
5.4K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

How attention simplifies mental representations for planning.

eLife·2026
Same author

Looking ahead: Sensory horizons and the science of consciousness.

The Behavioral and brain sciences·2026
Same author

Are Semantic Representations Stable? A Bayesian Framework Applied to the Study of Quantifier Meaning.

Computational brain & behavior·2026
Same author

The act of detecting a stimulus contaminates measures of conscious experience with decision biases.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Beliefs about accuracy shape confidence attributions to humans and artificial agents.

Communications psychology·2026
Same author

Phasic and tonic arousal distinctly shape human decision bias.

Communications biology·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 23, 2025

Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies
05:22

Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: May 9, 2019

5.3K

Confidence reports during perceptual decision making dissociate from changes in subjective experience.

Nicolás Sánchez-Fuenzalida1,2,3,4, Simon van Gaal5,6, Stephen M Fleming7,8

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. n.a.carvajalsanchez@vu.nl.

Communications Psychology
|May 21, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Confidence reports in perceptual decision-making do not solely reflect subjective experience. Non-perceptual biases, like response bias, can influence confidence, complicating its use in research on metacognition and consciousness.

More Related Videos

A Psychophysics Paradigm for the Collection and Analysis of Similarity Judgments
08:12

A Psychophysics Paradigm for the Collection and Analysis of Similarity Judgments

Published on: March 1, 2022

2.4K
How to Find Effects of Stimulus Processing on Event Related Brain Potentials of Close Others when Hyperscanning Partners
09:52

How to Find Effects of Stimulus Processing on Event Related Brain Potentials of Close Others when Hyperscanning Partners

Published on: May 31, 2018

7.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 23, 2025

Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies
05:22

Dissociation of the Confounding Influences of Expectancy and Integrative Difficulty Residing in Anomalous Sentences in Event-related Potential Studies

Published on: May 9, 2019

5.3K
A Psychophysics Paradigm for the Collection and Analysis of Similarity Judgments
08:12

A Psychophysics Paradigm for the Collection and Analysis of Similarity Judgments

Published on: March 1, 2022

2.4K
How to Find Effects of Stimulus Processing on Event Related Brain Potentials of Close Others when Hyperscanning Partners
09:52

How to Find Effects of Stimulus Processing on Event Related Brain Potentials of Close Others when Hyperscanning Partners

Published on: May 31, 2018

7.7K

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Psychophysics

Background:

  • Distinguishing decisions based on subjective experience versus non-perceptual information is crucial in psychophysics, metacognition, and consciousness research.
  • Confidence reports are proposed as a tool to differentiate between changes in subjective experience and non-perceptual influences on decisions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether confidence reports in perceptual decision-making exclusively reflect subjective experience.
  • To determine if non-perceptual information, such as response bias, influences confidence reports.

Main Methods:

  • Employed a Bayesian ordinal modeling framework.
  • Integrated an explicit measure of subjective experience.
  • Conducted two experiments with 204 participants and three distinct bias manipulations.

Main Results:

  • Confidence reports in perceptual decision-making do not uniquely mirror subjective experience.
  • Non-perceptual manipulations, including 'cognitive' priors and asymmetric payoff matrices, significantly 'leak' into confidence reports.
  • Biases can affect confidence even when the biasing information is irrelevant to decision correctness.

Conclusions:

  • Confidence is not a pure measure of subjective perceptual experience.
  • Non-perceptual biases contaminate confidence reports, challenging their use as a sole indicator of subjective experience.
  • Analyzing the relative strength of biases in first-order responses and confidence may help differentiate perceptual from non-perceptual influences.