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Effect of Occupational Exposure to Low-frequency Electromagnetic Fields on Cataract Development
Mohammad Hosein Validad1, Monireh Mahjoob2, Masoud Pishjo1
1Department of Ophthalmology, Alzahra Eye Hospital, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran.
Journal of Ophthalmic & Vision Research
|May 22, 2025
Summary
Occupational exposure to low-frequency electromagnetic fields may increase cataract risk, particularly nuclear cataracts. This study highlights potential workplace hazards for vision health.
Area of Science:
- Ophthalmology
- Environmental Health
- Occupational Medicine
Background:
- Cataracts are a leading cause of global visual impairment.
- Understanding environmental risk factors is crucial for prevention.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between occupational exposure to low-frequency electromagnetic fields (LF-EMFs) and cataract development.
- To assess the risk of different cataract types in exposed workers.
Main Methods:
- A study involving 100 employees from Zahedan Electricity Company, categorized by LF-EMF exposure levels.
- Evaluation of nuclear, posterior subcapsular, and cortical cataracts using the LOCS III grading system.
Main Results:
- A higher cataract frequency (62.2%) was observed in the LF-EMF exposed group compared to the non-exposed group (53.8%).
- Significant differences in nuclear opacity grading (P=0.003) were found between groups.
- A significant correlation between cataract grading (nuclear and posterior subcapsular) and duration of work experience in the exposed group (P<0.018).
Conclusions:
- Occupational exposure to LF-EMFs, from sources like power lines and plants, may be a risk factor for developing cataracts.
- Nuclear cataracts appear particularly associated with LF-EMF exposure.
- Findings suggest a need for protective measures in high-exposure occupational settings.
