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Related Concept Videos

Non-LTR Retrotransposons03:18

Non-LTR Retrotransposons

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As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
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LTR Retrotransposons03:08

LTR Retrotransposons

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LTR retrotransposons are class I transposable elements with long terminal repeats flanking an internal coding region. These elements are less abundant in mammals compared to other class I transposable elements. About 8 percent of human genomic DNA comprises LTR retrotransposons. Some of the common examples of LTR retrotransposons are Ty elements in yeast and Copia elements in Drosophila.
The internal coding region of LTR retrotransposons and their mechanism of transposition closely resembles a...
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Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

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Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
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DNA-only Transposons02:57

DNA-only Transposons

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DNA-only transposons are called autonomous transposons since they code for the enzyme transposase that is required for the transposition mechanism. Insertion of transposons can alter gene functions in multiple ways. They can mutate the gene, alter gene expression by introducing a novel promoter or insulator sequence, introduce new splice sites, and change the mRNA transcripts produced, or remodel chromatin structure.
The donor site from where the transposon is excised is either degraded or...
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Retroviruses02:33

Retroviruses

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Retroviruses and retrotransposons both insert copies of their genetic elements into the genome of the host cell. Thus, the viral genes are passed on when the host genome is replicated or translated. A typical retroviral DNA sequence contains 3-4 genes that encode the different proteins required for its structural assembly and function as a molecular parasite. This DNA is transcribed into a single mRNA, which is very similar in structure to conventional mRNAs, i.e., it is capped at the 5’...
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Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing02:41

Chromatin Structure Regulates pre-mRNA Processing

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In eukaryotic cells, nascent mRNA transcripts need to undergo many post-transcriptional modifications to reach the cell cytoplasm and translate into functional proteins. For a long time, transcription and pre-mRNA processing were considered two independent events that occur sequentially in the cell. However, it has now been well established that transcription and pre-mRNA processing are two simultaneous processes that are precisely regulated inside the cell.
The chromatin structure, especially...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 20, 2025

Immunostaining for DNA Modifications: Computational Analysis of Confocal Images
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Immunostaining for DNA Modifications: Computational Analysis of Confocal Images

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RNA methylation in retrotransposon control.

Basil Barter1, Jungnam Cho1

  • 1Department of Biosciences, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, UK.

Trends in Genetics : TIG
|May 22, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

N6-methyladenosine (m6A) controls mobile genetic elements called retrotransposons, impacting genome stability and cellular processes. This epigenetic mark’s dual role in repression and activation is crucial for evolution and development.

Keywords:
LINE-1 (L1)N6-methyladenosine (m6A)endogenous retrovirus (ERV)long terminal repeat (LTR)retrotransposon

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Analysis of LINE-1 Retrotransposition at the Single Nucleus Level
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Analysis of LINE-1 Retrotransposition at the Single Nucleus Level
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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Genomics

Background:

  • N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is a prevalent RNA modification.
  • Retrotransposons are mobile genetic elements that can impact genome integrity.
  • m6A's role in regulating cellular processes is increasingly recognized.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the dual role of m6A in retrotransposon regulation.
  • To highlight the evolutionary significance of m6A in genome control.
  • To understand m6A's influence on cellular differentiation and disease.

Main Methods:

  • Bioinformatic analysis of m6A and retrotransposon data.
  • Experimental validation of m6A's impact on retrotransposon activity.
  • Comparative genomics across species and developmental stages.

Main Results:

  • m6A exhibits a context-dependent role, mediating both repression and activation of retrotransposons.
  • Changes in m6A levels correlate with shifts in retrotransposon activity during development.
  • m6A influences retrotransposon-mediated genome instability and adaptation.

Conclusions:

  • m6A is a key regulator of retrotransposon dynamics across diverse biological contexts.
  • Understanding m6A's function in retrotransposon control offers insights into genome evolution.
  • m6A-mediated retrotransposon regulation is implicated in cellular differentiation and disease pathogenesis.