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Updated: Sep 20, 2025

Nanomechanics of Drug-target Interactions and Antibacterial Resistance Detection
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The VanS sensor histidine kinase from type-B vancomycin-resistant enterococci recognizes vancomycin directly.

Lina J Maciunas1, Photis Rotsides1, Elizabeth J D'Lauro1

  • 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.

The Journal of Biological Chemistry
|May 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Researchers discovered how vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) detect vancomycin. The VanS protein directly binds vancomycin, activating resistance genes to combat this dangerous antibiotic.

Keywords:
Gram-positive bacteriaVanSantibiotic resistancehistidine kinasemembrane proteinsignal transductiontwo-component systemvancomycin

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology and Molecular Biology
  • Antimicrobial Resistance Mechanisms

Background:

  • Vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) are a critical public health threat requiring novel therapeutic strategies.
  • The VanRS two-component system regulates VRE's vancomycin resistance phenotype by sensing the antibiotic and activating resistance genes.
  • The precise mechanism by which the VanS sensor histidine kinase detects vancomycin remains incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the direct molecular mechanism of vancomycin sensing by the VanS protein in type B VRE.
  • To investigate the role of the VanS periplasmic domain in antibiotic detection.

Main Methods:

  • Purification of the VanRS two-component system from a clinically prevalent type B VRE strain.
  • Analysis of VanS autokinase activity in a native-like membrane environment.
  • Biophysical characterization of the interaction between vancomycin and the VanS periplasmic domain.

Main Results:

  • Vancomycin significantly enhances the autokinase activity of type B VanS in a membrane-bound state.
  • A direct physical interaction between vancomycin and the periplasmic domain of VanS was confirmed.
  • This study provides the first direct evidence of vancomycin sensing by any VanS protein from a human pathogen.

Conclusions:

  • The periplasmic domain of VanS is the direct sensor for vancomycin in type B VRE.
  • This direct interaction triggers the signal transduction cascade leading to vancomycin resistance.
  • Understanding this mechanism opens new avenues for developing VRE-targeted therapies.