SNR-efficient whole-brain pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling perfusion imaging at 7 T

To optimize pseudo-continuous arterial spin labeling (PCASL) parameters to maximize SNR efficiency for RF power constrained whole brain perfusion imaging at 7 T.

We used Bloch simulations of pulsatile laminar flow to optimize the PCASL parameters for maximum SNR efficiency, balancing labeling efficiency and total RF power. The optimization included adjusting the inter-RF pulse spacing (TR_PCASL), mean B₁ ⁺ (B₁ ⁺ _ave), slice-selective gradient amplitude (G_max), and mean gradient amplitude (G_ave). In vivo data were acquired from six volunteers at 7 T to validate the optimized parameters. Dynamic B₀-shimming and flip angle adjustments were used to avoid needing to make the PCASL parameters robust to B₀/B₁ ⁺ variations.

The optimized PCASL parameters achieved a significant (3.3×) reduction in RF power while maintaining high labeling efficiency. This allowed for longer label durations and minimized deadtime, resulting in a 118% improvement in SNR efficiency in vivo compared to a previously proposed protocol. Additionally, the static tissue response was improved, reducing the required distance between labeling plane and imaging volume.

These optimized PCASL parameters provide a robust and efficient approach for whole brain perfusion imaging at 7 T, with significant improvements in SNR efficiency and reduced specific absorption rate burden.