The application of computerized quadrato motor training in enhancing balance and executive performance in stroke...

This study investigated the effects of Computerized Quadrato Motor Training (CQMT) on balance and executive function in both single- and dual-task conditions for stroke patients. Patients (n = 60) were randomized to three groups: conventional training (CT), exercise training (ET), and interactive motor-cognitive training (IT). All participants underwent CT. Besides, the ET group undertook step training, and the IT group underwent CQMT for four weeks. The assessments comprised balance function, executive function, lower limb strength, as well as self-efficacy of balance control. Balance function was assessed via the Pro-Kin system and standardized scales (Berg Balance Scale [BBS], Tinetti Assessment [POMA]). Executive function was assessed by the Trail Making Test (TMT-A / B) and Stroop test. Dual-task cost (DTC) derived from Timed Up-and-Go Test with/without cognitive loading (TUGT / TUGTcog). Balance self-efficacy was assessed by the Activities-specific Balance Confidence (ABC) Scale, with lower limb strength assessed by Five-Times Sit-to-Stand (FTSTS). After the intervention, the ET significantly showed improvement in the elliptical trajectory area, BBS, and gait performance compared to CT(P < 0.05). The IT group demonstrated significantly greater improvements in balance parameters (swing speed, elliptical trajectory area, trajectory lengths; P < 0.05) and functional outcomes (BBS, POMA, FTSTS, Dual-Task performance, TMT, Stroop, ABC; P < 0.01) compared to both CT and ET. The IT group showed significant positive correlations between TMT improvements and enhanced Dual-ask performance. Our findings demonstrate that CQMT, as an integrative motor-cognitive intervention, significantly improves balance and executive function in stroke patients, thereby filling a critical gap in the clinical application of QMT in stroke rehabilitation research. These findings validate the 'guided plasticity facilitation' theory, highlighting CQMT as a cost-effective and broadly applicable clinical training.Trial registration: The clinical trial was registered on 08/10/2023, with the registration number ChiCTR2300076424.