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Move to improve: Meta-analysis of workplace physical activity interventions.

Alexander Nath1, Sophia Schimmelpfennig1, Charlotte Kreienbaum2

  • 1Kiel University, Institute of Psychology.

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Workplace physical activity interventions (WPAIs) effectively reduce employee health complaints and improve organizational outcomes. Mind-body and group-based interventions show enhanced benefits, with greater usage leading to better results.

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Area of Science:

  • Occupational Health
  • Behavioral Science
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Sedentary work environments pose significant health risks to employees.
  • Workplace physical activity interventions (WPAIs) are crucial for mitigating these risks.
  • Understanding the effectiveness of WPAIs is vital for occupational health management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of WPAIs in reducing employee mental and physical health complaints.
  • To assess the impact of WPAIs on organizational outcomes like absenteeism, job satisfaction, and productivity.
  • To investigate the influence of mindfulness-based (mind-body) and group-based components within WPAIs.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic literature search identified 80 longitudinal randomized controlled trials across six major databases.
  • Bayesian three-level random-effects meta-analytic structural equation modeling was employed for analysis.
  • Between-group postintervention comparisons were used to determine intervention effects.

Main Results:

  • WPAIs demonstrated small to moderate positive effects, significantly reducing mental health complaints (g = -0.56) and physical health complaints (g = -0.38).
  • Organizational outcomes, including absenteeism, job satisfaction, and productivity, showed improvement (g = 0.30).
  • Mind-body interventions were more effective than body-only interventions; group-based WPAIs improved adherence; a dose-response relationship was noted for physical health and organizational outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • WPAIs are effective in improving employee well-being and organizational functioning.
  • Mind-body and group-based components enhance WPAI effectiveness.
  • Further research is needed due to potential biases and heterogeneity, but findings support WPAI implementation.