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Ruthenium-doped Bi4O5Br2 nanosystems enhance piezocatalytic therapy for deep infections by boosting reactive oxygen species generation and enzyme-like activity. This dual-modality approach shows promise for treating challenging biofilms and infectious diseases.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Piezocatalytic therapy shows potential for deep tissue infections due to ultrasound activation and ROS generation.
  • Current limitations include suboptimal bandgap, weak piezoelectricity, and insufficient active sites.
  • Existing strategies struggle with oxygen dependence and efficacy in complex microenvironments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an improved piezocatalytic nanosystem for enhanced deep abscess treatment.
  • To address limitations of current piezocatalytic materials through doping engineering.
  • To investigate the combined piezoelectric and enzyme-like catalytic effects for combating biofilms.

Main Methods:

  • Facile ruthenium (Ru)-atom doping of Bi4O5Br2 nanosystems (Bi4O5Br2@Ru).
  • Characterization of bandgap, piezoelectric responses, and oxygen vacancies.
  • Evaluation of peroxidase-like (POD) and catalase-like (CAT) activities under ultrasound.
  • Assessment of ROS generation (·OH, 1O2, ·O2-), glutathione depletion, and hypoxia alleviation.
  • RNA transcriptomic analysis to confirm metabolic pathway interference.

Main Results:

  • Ru doping optimized the bandgap and significantly enhanced piezoelectric responses and enzyme-like activities.
  • Bi4O5Br2@Ru generated multiple ROS and alleviated hypoxia via enhanced CAT-like activity.
  • The material induced glutathione depletion and disrupted biofilm energy metabolism via the tricarboxylic acid cycle.
  • Ultrasound activation of Bi4O5Br2@Ru demonstrated potent piezocatalytic and enzyme-mimicking therapeutic effects.

Conclusions:

  • Ruthenium doping engineering offers a dual-modality therapeutic strategy combining piezoelectricity and enzyme-like catalysis.
  • Bi4O5Br2@Ru nanosystems show significant promise for treating deep-seated infectious diseases, particularly biofilms.
  • This approach overcomes key limitations of traditional piezocatalytic therapies.