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Related Concept Videos

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management01:25

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management

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Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...
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Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management01:30

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The diagnosis of renal calculi involves several imaging techniques, including non-contrast CT scans and ultrasound. These methods help visualize kidney stones, assess their size and location, and detect possible obstructions. Additionally, Measuring urine pH is useful for diagnosing specific stone types, such as struvite (alkaline pH) and uric acid stones (acidic pH). Cystine stones are primarily linked to cystinuria, a genetic condition. A urinalysis helps detect blood in the urine (hematuria)...
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Urinary Tract Calculi V: Nursing Management01:28

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AssessmentSubjective Data: Obtain a detailed health history, including any recent or chronic urinary tract infections, periods of immobilization, previous episodes of renal calculi, and medical conditions such as gout, benign prostatic hyperplasia, or hyperparathyroidism. Review the medication history for drugs that may influence stone formation, including allopurinol, analgesics, loop diuretics, or thiazide diuretics. Document the use of long-term indwelling catheters and any past surgical...
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Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:30

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A healthcare provider can diagnose a urinary tract infection (UTI) through several methods:Medical History and Symptoms: The provider will take a detailed medical history and ask about symptoms such as frequent urination, burning sensation during urination, and lower abdominal pain.Urinalysis: A clean-catch urine sample is collected in a sterile container and tested for the presence of bacteria, white blood cells (leukocytes), nitrites, blood, and protein. The presence of leukocytes and...
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Urodynamic Studies: Uroflowmetry01:19

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Uroflowmetry is a non-invasive urodynamic test designed to measure various aspects of urination, including volume, flow rate, and the time to void. This test is crucial for diagnosing and assessing conditions such as bladder outlet obstruction, bladder dysfunction, incomplete bladder emptying, incontinence, and urinary tract blockages caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and urethral strictures.Pre-Test Instructions:Before a uroflowmetry test, patients are typically advised to drink...
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An integrated healthcare system (IHS) is a set of organizations that provides for or arranges to provide coordinated and continuous service to a defined population. The IHS takes responsibility for that particular population's health status and outcome, both clinically and fiscally. An integrated healthcare system is a well-organized, well-coordinated, and collaborative network. The integrated delivery system is a network that connects different healthcare providers to deliver organized,...
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Perspectives on technology: All STEPS count - an integrated framework for net zero urological care.

Jamie Hyde1, Eleanor King1, Joseph John2,3,4

  • 1Greener NHS, NHS England, London, UK.

BJU International
|June 5, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review identifies actions to reduce carbon emissions in urological care, focusing on operating theatres and pathway transformation. Implementing these changes requires workforce engagement and clinical leadership for sustainable, low-carbon healthcare.

Keywords:
carbonemissionsenvironmentnet zerosustainabilitysustainable healthcareurology

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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Environmental Sustainability in Healthcare
  • Health Systems Research

Background:

  • Healthcare contributes significantly to carbon emissions.
  • Decarbonizing urological care is essential for environmental sustainability.
  • There is a need for structured frameworks to guide low-carbon healthcare delivery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review evidence for delivering high-quality, low-carbon urological care.
  • To utilize the STEPS to Low-Carbon Care framework for categorizing decarbonization actions.
  • To identify opportunities for research and innovation in sustainable urology.

Main Methods:

  • A narrative review of academic and policy papers on decarbonizing urological and surgical care.
  • Categorization of evidence using the STEPS (Settings and Treatments, Efficiency, Prevention and System change) framework.
  • Case study analysis using the National Health Service in England.

Main Results:

  • Identified tangible actions for decarbonization across all STEPS elements.
  • Tackled carbon hotspots in operating theatres (anesthetic gases, consumables, electricity).
  • Highlighted opportunities in pathway transformation (one-stop clinics, day-case surgery, virtual appointments) with co-benefits in cost and patient outcomes.
  • Noted a lack of evidence on routine implementation of climate actions and the need for workforce engagement and clinical leadership.

Conclusions:

  • A range of interventions can decarbonize urological care, but further research is needed.
  • The STEPS framework is potentially useful for identifying decarbonization opportunities in urology and broader healthcare.
  • Sustained, system-wide low-carbon urological care requires collective action from all stakeholders.