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Ions are atoms or molecules bearing an electrical charge. A cation (a positive ion) forms when a neutral atom loses one or more electrons from its valence shell, and an anion (a negative ion) forms when a neutral atom gains one or more electrons in its valence shell. Compounds composed of ions are called ionic compounds (or salts), and their constituent ions are held together by ionic bonds: electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged cations and anions.

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Updated: Sep 19, 2025

Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications

Solid-state Graft Copolymer Electrolytes for Lithium Battery Applications

Published on: August 12, 2013

Interface Engineering for Constructing Air-Stable and Lithiophilic Garnet-Type Solid Electrolytes.

Sidong Zhang^1,2, Meiqi Jia³, Sijie Guo³

¹Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Beijing 100190, China.

|June 7, 2025

Summary

Coating garnet solid electrolytes with Mg3(PO4)2 improves air stability and lithium wettability. This modification enhances solid-state battery performance by reducing interfacial resistance and preventing dendrite growth.

Keywords:

Composite coating Li2CO3 garnet electrolytes solid-state batteries surface treatment

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Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature

Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature

Published on: December 20, 2016

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Electrochemistry
Solid-State Chemistry

Background:

Garnet-type solid electrolytes (SEs) are promising for solid-state Li metal batteries due to high ionic conductivity and electrochemical stability.
Air sensitivity of garnet SEs leads to Li2CO3 formation, degrading interfacial properties and battery performance.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a strategy for enhancing the air stability and interfacial properties of garnet-type solid electrolytes.
To improve the performance and cycle life of solid-state Li metal batteries.

Main Methods:

Coating garnet SEs with Mg3(PO4)2 using a wet chemistry method.
Thermal treatment to convert Li2CO3 into a Li3PO4/MgO composite layer.
Electrochemical characterization including cycling stability and critical current density measurements.

Main Results:

The Mg3(PO4)2 coating effectively converted Li2CO3 into a stable Li3PO4/MgO composite, ensuring air stability.
The composite interface enhanced Li wettability and significantly reduced interfacial resistance.
Achieved a high critical current density of 1.1 mA·cm-2 and stable cycling over 1200 hours.
Demonstrated excellent cycling stability in full Li metal batteries with LiFePO4 and LiCoO2 cathodes.

Conclusions:

The Li3PO4/MgO composite interface strategy effectively addresses the air sensitivity of garnet SEs.
This modification strategy is practical and enhances the performance of solid-state Li metal batteries.