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Related Concept Videos

Telomeres and Telomerase02:41

Telomeres and Telomerase

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In eukaryotic DNA replication, a single-stranded DNA fragment remains at the end of a chromosome after the removal of the final primer. This section of DNA cannot be replicated in the same manner as the rest of the strand because there is no 3’ end to which the newly synthesized DNA can attach. This non-replicated fragment results in gradual loss of the chromosomal DNA during each cell duplication. Additionally, it can induce a DNA damage response by enzymes that recognize single-stranded...
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Replicative cell senescence is a property of cells that allows them to divide a finite number of times throughout the organism's lifespan while preventing excessive proliferation. Replicative senescence is associated with the gradual loss of the telomere — short, repetitive DNA sequences found at the end of the chromosomes. Telomeres are bound by a group of proteins to form a protective cap on the ends of chromosomes. Embryonic stem cells express telomerase — an enzyme that adds...
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Loss of Tumor Suppressor Gene Functions01:12

Loss of Tumor Suppressor Gene Functions

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Tumor suppressor genes are normal genes that can slow down cell division, repair DNA mistakes, or program the cells for apoptosis in case of irreparable damage. Hence, they play an essential role in preventing the proliferation of damaged cells.
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The Retinoblastoma Gene01:20

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Tumor suppressor genes are normal genes that can slow down cell division, repair DNA mistakes, or program the cells for apoptosis in case of irreparable damage. Hence, they play an essential role in preventing the proliferation of damaged cells.
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Non-LTR Retrotransposons03:18

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As the name suggests, non-LTR retrotransposons lack the long terminal repeats characteristic of the LTR retrotransposons. Additionally, both LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons use distinct mechanisms of mobilization. Non-LTR retrotransposons are further divided into two classes - Long interspersed nuclear elements (LINEs) and short interspersed nuclear elements (SINEs), both of which occur abundantly in most mammals, including humans. Some of the active non-LTR retrotransposons in humans are L1...
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Cancer-Critical Genes II: Tumor Suppressor Genes01:05

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Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 14, 2025

Utilizing Murine Inducible Telomerase Alleles in the Studies of Tissue Degeneration/Regeneration and Cancer
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Exploring the role of TERT in thyroid Cancer: A systematic review.

Thais Maloberti1, Andrea Repaci2, Laura Poppi1

  • 1Solid Tumor Molecular Pathology Laboratory, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy.

Critical Reviews in Oncology/Hematology
|June 7, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

TERT promoter mutations are linked to aggressive thyroid cancer features, including advanced stages and metastasis. Assessing TERT mutation status can improve prognostic accuracy for thyroid carcinoma patients.

Keywords:
Meta-analysisMolecular alterationsMutationsTERTThyroid carcinoma

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • TERT gene mutations are crucial in tumor progression, particularly in thyroid carcinoma.
  • This study investigates the link between TERT promoter mutations and thyroid carcinoma characteristics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the association between TERT promoter mutations and the histology and clinical features of thyroid carcinoma.
  • To determine the prognostic significance of TERT mutations in thyroid cancer.

Main Methods:

  • A systematic review and meta-analysis of published studies up to November 1st, 2024.
  • Inclusion of 54 studies with 17,021 thyroid carcinoma samples.
  • Statistical analysis using chi-square calculation.

Main Results:

  • Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (55.8%) and diffuse sclerosing variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (60.4%) showed the highest TERT mutation frequencies.
  • TERT mutations were not found in benign neoplasms, NIFTP, or medullary thyroid carcinoma.
  • TERT mutations significantly correlate with advanced tumor stage (III&IV), metastasis, poorer overall survival, recurrence, and radioiodine-refractory disease.

Conclusions:

  • TERT promoter mutations serve as a critical prognostic biomarker for tumor aggressiveness in thyroid carcinoma.
  • Mutational status assessment of the TERT promoter is recommended for precise prognostic stratification in clinical practice.