Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Acid–Base Equilibria: Activity-Based Definition of pH01:10

Acid–Base Equilibria: Activity-Based Definition of pH

561
For an ideal solution, the pH is defined as the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion concentration. For a non-ideal solution, an accurate measurement of the pH must consider the negative logarithm of the hydrogen ion activity rather than concentration. In such a solution, the pH can be more accurately defined as the negative logarithm of a product of the hydrogen ion concentration and its activity coefficient.
In solutions of very low ionic strength—for example, pure water—the...
561
Disorders of Acid-Base Balance01:29

Disorders of Acid-Base Balance

161
The human body maintains a precise pH range of arterial blood between 7.35 and 7.45. Deviations result in either acidosis (pH < 7.35) or alkalosis (pH > 7.45). These conditions are further classified as respiratory or metabolic disorders based on their underlying cause.
Respiratory Acidosis and Alkalosis
Respiratory acidosis occurs due to an increase in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide PCO2 in the blood. It often arises from shallow breathing or impaired gas exchange caused by...
161
The Carbon Cycle01:14

The Carbon Cycle

37.1K
Carbon is the basis of all organic matter on Earth, and is recycled through the ecosystem in two primary processes: one in which carbon is exchanged among living organisms, and one in which carbon is cycled over long periods of time through fossilized organic remains, weathering of rocks, and volcanic activity. Human activities, including increased agricultural practices and the burning of fossil fuels, has greatly affected the balance of the natural carbon cycle.
37.1K
pH Scale02:41

pH Scale

68.5K
Hydronium and hydroxide ions are present both in pure water and in all aqueous solutions, and their concentrations are inversely proportional as determined by the ion product of water (Kw). The concentrations of these ions in a solution are often critical determinants of the solution’s properties and the chemical behaviors of its other solutes. Two different solutions can differ in their hydronium or hydroxide ion concentrations by a million, billion, or even trillion times. A common means of...
68.5K
The Phosphorus Cycle01:21

The Phosphorus Cycle

36.6K
Unlike carbon, water, and nitrogen, phosphorus is not present in the atmosphere as a gas. Instead, most phosphorus in the ecosystem exists as compounds, such as phosphate ions (PO43-), found in soil, water, sediment and rocks. Phosphorus is often a limiting nutrient (i.e., in short supply). Consequently, phosphorus is added to most agricultural fertilizers, which can cause environmental problems related to runoff in aquatic ecosystems.
36.6K
pH01:24

pH

133.3K
The potential of hydrogen (pH) is a measure of the acidity or basicity of a water-based solution determined by the concentration of hydronium ions (H3O+). In one liter of pure water at neutral pH, there are 1×10−7 moles of hydronium ions. However, the extensive range of hydronium ion concentrations present in water-based solutions makes measuring pH in moles cumbersome. Therefore, a pH scale was developed to convert moles of hydronium ions into the negative logarithm of the hydronium...
133.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

World Ocean Database 2023: A Foundational Data Resource for and by the Global Ocean and Coastal Communities.

Scientific data·2026
Same author

Substantial Limitations of Ocean Alkalinity Enhancement in Mitigating the Negative Impacts of Ocean Acidification on Marine Calcifiers.

Environmental science & technology·2025
Same author

Single-Larva RNA Sequencing Reveals That Red Sea Urchin Larvae Are Vulnerable to Co-Occurring Ocean Acidification and Hypoxia.

Molecular ecology·2025
Same author

Sensitivity of pteropod calcification to multi stressor variability in coastal habitats.

Marine environmental research·2025
Same author

A mapped dataset of surface ocean acidification indicators in large marine ecosystems of the United States.

Scientific data·2024
Same author

Predictable patterns within the kelp forest can indirectly create temporary refugia from ocean acidification.

The Science of the total environment·2024
Same journal

Individual Trees Respond to 40 Years of Climate Change Through Leaf Functional Trait Acclimation.

Global change biology·2026
Same journal

Soil Microbial Diversity and Network Organization Respond to Land Use and Agricultural Inputs Worldwide.

Global change biology·2026
Same journal

Divergence From Temperate Models: Pollution Dominance and Stochastic Assembly in a Continental Freshwater System Under Compressed Modernity.

Global change biology·2026
Same journal

Stomatal Decoupling From Photosynthesis Under High Temperatures Is Consistent With Stomatal Optimisation.

Global change biology·2026
Same journal

Microbial Community Structure, Rather Than Diversity, Predicts Plant Yield Under Global Change.

Global change biology·2026
Same journal

Improving GPP and SIF Simulation With a Mechanistic Photosynthesis Model Integrated Into the BEPS Framework.

Global change biology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 12, 2025

Coral Reef Arks: An In Situ Mesocosm and Toolkit for Assembling Reef Communities
07:59

Coral Reef Arks: An In Situ Mesocosm and Toolkit for Assembling Reef Communities

Published on: January 6, 2023

3.3K

Ocean Acidification: Another Planetary Boundary Crossed.

Helen S Findlay1, Richard A Feely2, Li-Qing Jiang3,4

  • 1Plymouth Marine Laboratory, Plymouth, UK.

Global Change Biology
|June 9, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ocean acidification is nearing a critical planetary boundary, impacting marine life. Global oceans have already surpassed this boundary, threatening ecosystems and calcifying species habitats.

Keywords:
biodiversitycarbonate chemistryclimate changeconservationmarineocean acidificationplanetary boundary

More Related Videos

Unraveling the Unseen Players in the Ocean - A Field Guide to Water Chemistry and Marine Microbiology
10:43

Unraveling the Unseen Players in the Ocean - A Field Guide to Water Chemistry and Marine Microbiology

Published on: November 5, 2014

25.6K
Extracellular Multi-Unit Recording from the Olfactory Nerve of Teleosts
07:02

Extracellular Multi-Unit Recording from the Olfactory Nerve of Teleosts

Published on: October 6, 2020

6.8K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 12, 2025

Coral Reef Arks: An In Situ Mesocosm and Toolkit for Assembling Reef Communities
07:59

Coral Reef Arks: An In Situ Mesocosm and Toolkit for Assembling Reef Communities

Published on: January 6, 2023

3.3K
Unraveling the Unseen Players in the Ocean - A Field Guide to Water Chemistry and Marine Microbiology
10:43

Unraveling the Unseen Players in the Ocean - A Field Guide to Water Chemistry and Marine Microbiology

Published on: November 5, 2014

25.6K
Extracellular Multi-Unit Recording from the Olfactory Nerve of Teleosts
07:02

Extracellular Multi-Unit Recording from the Olfactory Nerve of Teleosts

Published on: October 6, 2020

6.8K

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Oceanography
  • Climate Science

Background:

  • Ocean acidification is a key planetary process identified in the Planetary Boundary Framework.
  • Current conditions approach a boundary that could trigger unacceptable environmental change.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To reassess the ocean acidification planetary boundary using updated data and models.
  • To evaluate the impact of ocean acidification on marine ecosystems and habitats.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized revised pre-industrial aragonite saturation state estimates.
  • Employed state-of-the-art data-model products, incorporating uncertainties.
  • Assessed impacts on ecological indicators and calcifying species habitats.

Main Results:

  • By 2020, average global ocean conditions exceeded the ocean acidification boundary.
  • Up to 60% of the global subsurface ocean (to 200m) and over 40% of the surface ocean crossed the boundary.
  • Significant habitat reductions observed for corals (43%), pteropods (61%), and bivalves (13%).

Conclusions:

  • A revised boundary of 10% reduction from pre-industrial conditions is proposed to prevent ecosystem risks.
  • The surface ocean surpassed this revised benchmark by the year 2000.
  • Urgent action is needed to mitigate ocean acidification and protect marine ecosystems and services.