Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Dihybrid Crosses01:18

Dihybrid Crosses

81.9K
Overview
81.9K
Law of Independent Assortment02:03

Law of Independent Assortment

63.3K
While Mendel’s Law of Segregation states that the two alleles for one gene are separated into different gametes, a different question of how different genes are inherited remains. For example, is the gene for tall plants inherited with the gene for green peas? Mendel asked this question by experimenting with a dihybrid cross; a cross in which both parents are homozygous for two distinct traits resulting in an F1 generation that are heterozygous for both traits.
63.3K
Monohybrid Crosses01:20

Monohybrid Crosses

240.1K
Overview
240.1K
Law of Segregation01:49

Law of Segregation

78.7K
When crossing pea plants, Mendel noticed that one of the parental traits would sometimes disappear in the first generation of offspring, called the F1 generation, and could reappear in the next generation (F2). He concluded that one of the traits must be dominant over the other, thereby causing masking of one trait in the F1 generation. When he crossed the F1 plants, he found that 75% of the offspring in the F2 generation had the dominant phenotype, while 25% had the recessive phenotype.
78.7K
Inheritance01:25

Inheritance

1.7K
Gregor Mendel's pioneering work on the principles of inheritance fundamentally transformed our understanding of how traits are transmitted from generation to generation. His experiments with pea plants laid the groundwork for the discovery of genes, discrete units within organisms that control heredity.
Each gene exists in pairs, and the combination of these genes from both parents forms an individual's genotype. This genotype is a blueprint of potential traits. Examples of genotype...
1.7K
Trihybrid Crosses02:27

Trihybrid Crosses

26.3K
Trihybrid Crosses
Some of Mendel’s crosses examined three pairs of contrasting characteristics. Such a cross is called a trihybrid cross. A trihybrid cross is a combination of three individual monohybrid crosses. For example, plant height (tall vs. short), seed shape (round vs. wrinkled), and seed color (yellow vs. green).
The F1 generation plants of a trihybrid cross are heterozygous for all three traits and produce eight gametes. Upon self-fertilization, these gametes have an equal...
26.3K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Mapped deletions in a publicly available Fast Neutron mutant collection for gene identification in pea.

BMC plant biology·2026
Same author

Genomic and genetic insights into Mendel's pea genes.

Nature·2025
Same author

afila, the origin and nature of a major innovation in the history of pea breeding.

The New phytologist·2024
Same author

Plant Development in the Garden Pea as Revealed by Mutations in the <i>Crd/PsYUC1</i> Gene.

Genes·2023
Same author

Recombinant inbred lines derived from wide crosses in Pisum.

Scientific reports·2023
Same author

Mendel's terminology and notation reveal his understanding of genetics.

Hereditas·2023
Same journal

Evolutionary and Biochemical Perspectives on the Incorporation and Utilization of Selenocysteine.

Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology·2026
Same journal

The Mitochondrial Calcium Uniporter: From Parts to Signaling Networks.

Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology·2026
Same journal

Growth Control and Beyond: Functional Diversity and Regulation of the Hippo Pathway in the Nervous System.

Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology·2026
Same journal

Structural Studies of Core Hippo Pathway Components.

Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology·2026
Same journal

The Hippo Pathway in Intestinal Regeneration, Fetal Reprogramming, and Tumorigenesis.

Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology·2026
Same journal

A Synergy between Genetics and Biochemistry Unravels the Molecular Architecture of the Hippo Signaling Pathway.

Cold Spring Harbor perspectives in biology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Mar 4, 2026

Agrobacterium-Mediated Immature Embryo Transformation of Recalcitrant Maize Inbred Lines Using Morphogenic Genes
10:28

Agrobacterium-Mediated Immature Embryo Transformation of Recalcitrant Maize Inbred Lines Using Morphogenic Genes

Published on: February 14, 2020

25.0K

Mendel's Pea Genes.

Julie M I Hofer1, Noel Ellis2

  • 1John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, United Kingdom julie.hofer@jic.ac.uk.

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology
|June 9, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Mendel

More Related Videos

An Array-based Comparative Genomic Hybridization Platform for Efficient Detection of Copy Number Variations in Fast Neutron-induced Medicago truncatula Mutants
09:32

An Array-based Comparative Genomic Hybridization Platform for Efficient Detection of Copy Number Variations in Fast Neutron-induced Medicago truncatula Mutants

Published on: November 8, 2017

8.2K
CcCIPK14 Gene Function Analysis to Illuminate the Efficient Root Transgenic System
07:00

CcCIPK14 Gene Function Analysis to Illuminate the Efficient Root Transgenic System

Published on: September 23, 2021

2.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Mar 4, 2026

Agrobacterium-Mediated Immature Embryo Transformation of Recalcitrant Maize Inbred Lines Using Morphogenic Genes
10:28

Agrobacterium-Mediated Immature Embryo Transformation of Recalcitrant Maize Inbred Lines Using Morphogenic Genes

Published on: February 14, 2020

25.0K
An Array-based Comparative Genomic Hybridization Platform for Efficient Detection of Copy Number Variations in Fast Neutron-induced Medicago truncatula Mutants
09:32

An Array-based Comparative Genomic Hybridization Platform for Efficient Detection of Copy Number Variations in Fast Neutron-induced Medicago truncatula Mutants

Published on: November 8, 2017

8.2K
CcCIPK14 Gene Function Analysis to Illuminate the Efficient Root Transgenic System
07:00

CcCIPK14 Gene Function Analysis to Illuminate the Efficient Root Transgenic System

Published on: September 23, 2021

2.2K

Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology
  • Plant Science

Background:

  • Gregor Mendel's foundational studies on inheritance used commercially available pea varieties.
  • He detailed segregation data for seven distinct character differences in peas.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the molecular basis of the traits Mendel studied.
  • To discuss allelic diversity and genetic heterogeneity in pea genes.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on the genetic and molecular basis of pea traits.
  • Analysis of transposon insertions, gene deletions, splicing defects, and missense alleles.

Main Results:

  • The molecular basis for five of Mendel's traits is identified: wrinkled seeds (transposon in starch-branching enzyme I), green cotyledons (magnesium dechelatase variants), yellow pods (chlorophyll synthase disruption), uncolored seed coats (basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor defect), and short stems (gibberellin 3-oxidase missense allele).
  • Two of Mendel's genes still require formal confirmation.

Conclusions:

  • Significant progress has been made in understanding the molecular underpinnings of Mendel's pea traits.
  • Further research is needed to fully confirm the genetic basis of all traits studied by Mendel.