The Relationship Between Metabolic Syndrome and Kidney Stone Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study From the PERSIAN Guilan...

Background: Based on the high prevalence of kidney stone disease (KSD) and its possible relationship with metabolic components, the aim of this study was to examine the associations of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components with KSD. Methods: This is a cross-sectional assessment of the Prospective Epidemiological Research Studies of Iranian Adults (PERSIAN) Guilan cohort study (PGCS), which includes 10,520 participants aged between 35 and 70 in northern Iran from 2014 to 2017. Demographic data and clinical characteristics were filled out. MetS was determined by the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP III) with the following criteria: hypertriglyceridemia, low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), hypertension, abdominal obesity, and hyperglycemia. The association of self-reported KSD with MetS was examined using logistic regression analysis. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. Results: The prevalence of MetS and KSD was 41.8% and 15.6%, respectively. In the unadjusted model, MetS was associated with 18% increased odds of KSD (OR = 1.18, 95% CI: 1.06-1.31). This association remained significant after adjustment for some demographic characteristics (aOR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.16-1.46). All MetS components except for low HDL-C were also associated with increased odds of KSD, after adjusting for some demographic variables. In addition, the odds of KSD increased with the number of MetS components, up to an almost 2.2-fold odds among subjects with all five MetS components. Conclusion: This study found that the risk of KSD increases with MetS as a whole, all MetS components except for low HDL-C, and the number of MetS components. Our study might provide evidence for individualized management of MetS for preventing KSD.