Impact of Three-Dimensional Visualization Technology in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.

Area of Science:

• Minimally Invasive Surgery
• Surgical Technology
• Gastrointestinal Surgery

Background:

• Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) difficulty varies with patient factors and surgeon skill.
• Three-dimensional visualization (3DV) may enhance laparoscopic surgery performance.
• Limited studies compare 3DV-enhanced LC (3D-LC) with traditional 2D-LC.

Purpose of the Study:

• To compare the operative outcomes of 3D-LC versus 2D-LC.
• To identify the impact of imaging modality on LC performance.
• To analyze risk factors for intraoperative blood loss during LC.

Main Methods:

• Retrospective analysis of consecutive LC patients.
• Classification into 3D-LC and 2D-LC groups based on imaging.
• Logistic regression analysis to assess imaging modality impact and risk factors.

Main Results:

• No significant differences in overall operative outcomes between 3D-LC and 2D-LC, except for drain placement rates.
• 3DV was associated with reduced intraoperative blood loss (OR 0.491, P=.023).
• Two-dimensional visualization (2DV) was an independent risk factor for increased intraoperative blood loss (OR 3.513, P<.001).

Conclusions:

• 3DV did not significantly affect overall LC outcomes.
• 3DV contributed to reduced blood loss and drain placement rates.
• 2DV may be a risk factor for increased intraoperative bleeding in LC.