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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2025

Author Spotlight: Innovative Microneedle-Based Strategies for Enhanced Exosome Delivery and Stability

Author Spotlight: Innovative Microneedle-Based Strategies for Enhanced Exosome Delivery and Stability

Published on: July 12, 2024

Lyophilized SARS-CoV-2 self-amplifying RNA vaccines for microneedle array patch delivery.

Madison M Driskill¹, Ian A Coates¹, Paul J Hurst²

¹Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.

Journal of Controlled Release : Official Journal of the Controlled Release Society

|June 11, 2025

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study developed a thermostable self-amplifying RNA (saRNA) vaccine using lyophilization, reducing cold-chain dependence. The saRNA vaccine, delivered via microfluidic microarray patches, induced robust immune responses, improving vaccine accessibility.

Keywords:

Covid-19 Lyophilization Microneedle Self-amplifying RNA Vaccines

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Published on: August 21, 2019

Area of Science:

Vaccinology
Biotechnology
Immunology

Background:

Messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines are crucial for pandemics like SARS-CoV-2.
RNA vaccines face challenges including limited immunogenicity duration and cold-chain requirements.
Self-amplifying RNA (saRNA) vaccines offer sustained antigen expression and durable immunity.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop lyophilized formulations for SARS-CoV-2 saRNA ionizable lipid nanoparticles (LNPs).
To reduce the reliance of saRNA vaccines on specialized cold-chain storage.
To evaluate the immunogenicity and delivery of thermostable saRNA-LNPs.

Main Methods:

Formulation of lyophilized saRNA-LNPs for SARS-CoV-2.
Storage of lyophilized saRNA-LNPs above freezing temperatures for up to 15 weeks.
Delivery of saRNA-LNPs via intramuscular, intradermal routes, and microfluidic microarray patches (M-MAPs) in mice.

Main Results:

Lyophilized saRNA-LNPs induced robust immune responses in mice after storage.
Intradermal delivery using M-MAPs efficiently delivered saRNA-LNPs.
Both humoral and cellular immunity were strongly induced by the lyophilized saRNA-LNPs.

Conclusions:

Lyophilization creates thermostable saRNA-LNPs, reducing cold-chain dependence.
saRNA-LNPs delivered via M-MAPs provide a painless, self-administered vaccination method.
Thermostable, self-administered saRNA-LNP vaccines have the potential to enhance global vaccine coverage.