Socio-Demographic Risk Factors Associated with Diabetic Foot Ulcer in India: A Case Control Study

Area of Science:

• Public Health
• Epidemiology
• Diabetes Management

Background:

• Diabetic foot ulcers (DFU) are a major complication of diabetes mellitus, significantly impacting patient quality of life and straining healthcare systems, particularly in India.
• Understanding the socio-demographic factors associated with DFU is crucial for developing effective prevention strategies tailored to the Indian population.

Purpose of the Study:

• To identify socio-demographic and clinical risk factors associated with diabetic foot ulcers in the Indian population.
• To inform the development of targeted prevention and management strategies for DFU in India.

Main Methods:

• A case-control study was conducted in India over one year, involving 150 patients.
• Cases (75) had diabetic foot ulcers, while controls (75) were diabetic patients without foot ulcers.
• Data on socio-demographic variables, medical history, and lifestyle were collected via interviews and medical records, analyzed using logistic regression.

Main Results:

• Low socioeconomic status (OR=3.45), poor glycemic control (HbA1c >8%, OR=2.96), rural residence (OR=2.72), and lack of formal education (OR=2.30) were significantly associated with increased DFU risk.
• Additional risk factors included smoking, diabetes duration over 10 years, and a history of poor foot care practices.

Conclusions:

• Socioeconomic disparities and limited awareness of diabetic foot care significantly contribute to the burden of DFU in India.
• Targeted interventions, patient education, improved glycemic control, and accessible healthcare services are essential for managing this preventable complication.