The effect of aging on hearing outcomes after sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL): A retrospective study

To analyze the effect of aging on hearing outcomes following treatment for sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL).

This retrospective study reviewed records of 106 SSNHL patients categorized into younger (<65 years) and older (≥65 years). Hearing outcomes and related factors including sex, absolute gain, treatment timing, Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy (HBOT), audiogram type, and contralateral ear thresholds were examined.

Treatment outcomes between age groups showed no statistically significant difference (p = 0.053), though younger age was consistently linked to better recovery. A significant negative correlation between age and absolute hearing gain was observed (r = -0.296, p < 0.05). Younger females showed superior outcomes compared to younger males (p < 0.05). Early treatment predicted better recovery (χ² = 9.04, p < 0.01). A normal contralateral ear threshold was associated with better recovery (p < 0.05). A multivariate logistic regression model was developed (AUC = 0.781). Symptom duration (p < 0.05) and intratympanic therapy (p < 0.05) were significant predictors of hearing outcomes. Age was not a significant independent predictor (p = 0.054), but it improved model fit, supporting its clinical relevance.

The timing of treatment initiation is important for SSNHL prognosis. Although age did not reach statistical significance in the multivariate model, its consistent association with better outcomes and contribution to model fit highlight its continued clinical relevance. Early intervention is the key predictor of recovery, reinforcing the value of age-informed, personalized treatment strategies in managing SSNHL.