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    Area of Science:

    • Optics and Photonics
    • Quantum Information Science

    Background:

    • Vortex beams carry orbital angular momentum (OAM), a crucial property for optical communications and sensing.
    • Accurate measurement of OAM is essential for harnessing its potential in various applications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To propose and experimentally validate a microlens array with sector sub-aperture (MLA-S) for measuring the OAM of vortex beams.
    • To demonstrate the device's capability for high-precision, wide-range OAM measurement and simultaneous analysis of multi-ring beams.

    Main Methods:

    • A circularly symmetric microlens array with sector sub-apertures (MLA-S) was designed to match the spiral phase of vortex beams.
    • The MLA-S splits the vortex beam's wavefront, approximating each part as a tilted wavefront.
    • Far-field spot displacement and direction are analyzed to determine OAM magnitude and sign.

    Main Results:

    • The MLA-S achieved precise OAM measurement for perfect vortex beams up to ±112 orders with absolute errors around 0.1.
    • Simultaneous OAM measurement of individual rings in multi-ring perfect vortex beams was successfully demonstrated.
    • The device exhibits robustness to off-center beam deviations due to its circular symmetry.

    Conclusions:

    • The MLA-S provides a novel and effective method for measuring the orbital angular momentum of vortex beams.
    • This technique offers high accuracy, a broad measurement range, and the ability to analyze complex OAM states.
    • The MLA-S is a promising tool for advancing OAM-based technologies.