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Related Concept Videos

Eukaryotic Evolution01:24

Eukaryotic Evolution

33.0K
The endosymbiont theory is the most widely accepted theory of eukaryotic evolution; however, its progression is still somewhat debated. According to the nucleus-first hypothesis, the ancestral prokaryote first evolved a membrane to enclose DNA and form the nucleus. Conversely, the mitochondria-first hypothesis suggests that the nucleus was formed after endosymbiosis of mitochondria.
Contrary to the endosymbiont theory, the eukaryote-first hypothesis proposes that the simpler prokaryotic and...
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Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?02:05

Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?

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The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
In contrast, regions which code...
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Comparing Mitochondrial, Chloroplast, and Prokaryotic Genomes02:16

Comparing Mitochondrial, Chloroplast, and Prokaryotic Genomes

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The present-day mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes have retained some of the characteristics of their ancestral prokaryotes and also have acquired new attributes during their evolution within eukaryotic cells. Like prokaryotic genomes, mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes neither bind with histone-like proteins nor show complex packaging into chromosome-like structures, as observed in eukaryotes. Unlike mitotic cell divisions observed in eukaryotic cells, mitochondria and chloroplasts...
12.0K
Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons02:54

Evolutionary Relationships through Genome Comparisons

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Genome comparison is one of the excellent ways to interpret the evolutionary relationships between organisms. The basic principle of genome comparison is that if two species share a common feature, it is likely encoded by the DNA sequence conserved between both species. The advent of genome sequencing technologies in the late 20th century enabled scientists to understand the concept of conservation of domains between species and helped them to deduce evolutionary relationships across diverse...
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Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes00:58

Genomic DNA in Eukaryotes

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Eukaryotes have large genomes compared to prokaryotes. To fit their genomes into a cell, eukaryotic DNA is packaged extraordinarily tightly inside the nucleus. To achieve this, DNA is tightly wound around proteins called histones, which are packaged into nucleosomes that are joined by linker DNA and coil into chromatin fibers. Additional fibrous proteins further compact the chromatin, which is recognizable as chromosomes during certain phases of cell division.
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Genomics02:02

Genomics

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Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 16, 2025

Using Phylogenetic Analysis to Investigate Eukaryotic Gene Origin
08:57

Using Phylogenetic Analysis to Investigate Eukaryotic Gene Origin

Published on: August 14, 2018

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Protist genomics: key to understanding eukaryotic evolution.

Alexandra Schoenle1, Ore Francis2, John M Archibald3

  • 1Ecological Genomics, Department of Biology, Institute of Zoology, Biocenter Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Global Change Limnology, School of Life Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.

Trends in Genetics : TIG
|June 14, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Protist genomes are understudied due to limitations in current genomic methods. New approaches are needed to advance the study of these crucial eukaryotic organisms and their evolution.

Keywords:
metagenomicsprotistsreference genome standardssingle-cell sequencingtranscriptomics

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 16, 2025

Using Phylogenetic Analysis to Investigate Eukaryotic Gene Origin
08:57

Using Phylogenetic Analysis to Investigate Eukaryotic Gene Origin

Published on: August 14, 2018

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Heuristic Mining of Hierarchical Genotypes and Accessory Genome Loci in Bacterial Populations
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Heuristic Mining of Hierarchical Genotypes and Accessory Genome Loci in Bacterial Populations

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Novel Sequence Discovery by Subtractive Genomics
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Novel Sequence Discovery by Subtractive Genomics

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Area of Science:

  • Eukaryotic biology
  • Microbiology
  • Evolutionary biology

Background:

  • Protists, diverse eukaryotes excluding animals, plants, and fungi, inhabit most environments.
  • They play vital roles in planetary health and biogeochemical cycles.
  • Protists constitute the majority of eukaryotic diversity, crucial for understanding evolution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Highlight the understudied nature of protist genomes.
  • Identify limitations of current genomic methods for protists.
  • Advocate for new genomic standards and technologies.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current genomic standards and their limitations for protists.
  • Discussion of emerging technologies and bioinformatics tools.
  • Proposal for reevaluation of plant- and animal-centric genomic standards.

Main Results:

  • Current genomic methods are poorly suited for protists.
  • Protist genome generation significantly lags behind multicellular lineages.
  • Existing standards hinder comprehensive protist genomic research.

Conclusions:

  • Advancing protist genome research is essential for understanding eukaryotic diversity and evolution.
  • Revising genomic standards and adopting new technologies are critical.
  • Enhanced protist genomic data will improve insights into molecular biology, cell biology, ecology, and evolution.