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Republicans are flagged more often than Democrats for sharing misinformation on X's Community Notes.

Thomas Renault1, Mohsen Mosleh2,3, David G Rand3,4,5

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Republicans share misleading information on X (formerly Twitter) 2.3 times more than Democrats. This partisan asymmetry in misinformation sharing is identified using crowd-sourced notes, not professional fact-checkers.

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Area of Science:

  • Social Sciences
  • Communication Studies
  • Political Science

Background:

  • Misinformation sharing on social media platforms is a significant societal concern.
  • Previous research often relies on professional fact-checkers to define misleading content.
  • The role of partisan differences in the spread of misinformation requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate partisan differences in the sharing of misleading information on X (formerly Twitter).
  • To determine if misleadingness, as assessed by a diverse community, reveals partisan disparities.
  • To compare crowd-sourced assessments with traditional fact-checking methodologies.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized crowd-sourced assessments from X's Community Notes program.
  • Defined misleading information based on agreement among a diverse community of platform users.
  • Analyzed flagging rates of misleading posts attributed to Republicans versus Democrats.
  • Controlled for base rate differences in user representation.

Main Results:

  • Posts by Republicans were flagged as misleading 2.3 times more frequently than posts by Democrats.
  • No significant overrepresentation of Republicans among X users was detected, ruling out base rate artifacts.
  • A substantial partisan asymmetry in misinformation sharing was observed.

Conclusions:

  • Crowd-sourced assessments reveal a significant partisan difference in the sharing of misleading information on X.
  • This asymmetry is not explained by the political bias of raters or user base rates.
  • A shift towards community-based moderation may disproportionately impact Republicans compared to Democrats in terms of content flagging.