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This study generalizes two-dimensional Valley Hall phases (VHPs) to three-dimensional phononic crystals, enabling novel topological surface states and wave manipulations. These 3D VHPs open new avenues for designing advanced acoustic devices.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Topological Materials
  • Acoustics

Background:

  • Valley Hall phases (VHPs) are known for wave manipulation in 2D systems.
  • Extending VHPs to 3D platforms presents significant challenges and remains an open question.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To generalize 2D Valley Hall phases to 3D phononic crystals.
  • To explore novel topological phenomena and wave propagation in 3D systems.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing nodal-line semimetal-derived phononic crystals.
  • Manipulating geometric parameters to induce band inversion and generate VHPs.
  • Investigating topological surface states protected by 3-tuple valley Chern numbers.

Main Results:

  • Two distinct 3D VHPs were generated with opposite Berry curvature distributions.
  • Topological surface states emerged at interfaces between different VHPs.
  • Experimental observation of intriguing surface wave propagations, including negative refraction and circular propagation at corners.

Conclusions:

  • The generalization of VHPs to 3D phononic crystals is achieved.
  • 3D VHPs support topological surface states and exhibit unique wave behaviors.
  • This work provides a foundation for designing 3D acoustic devices with advanced functionalities.