Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Mechanically-gated Ion Channels01:12

Mechanically-gated Ion Channels

6.7K
Mechanically-gated ion channels are proteins found in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell membranes that open in response to mechanical stress. Tension, compression, swelling, and shear stress can alter the conformation of the protein, opening a transmembrane channel that allows the passage of ions for signal transmission. In eukaryotes, mechanically-gated channels are distributed in several regions like the neurons, lungs, skin, bladder, and heart, where they play critical roles in numerous...
6.7K
Formation of Complex Ions03:45

Formation of Complex Ions

24.0K
A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
24.0K
Potentiometry: Membrane Electrodes01:15

Potentiometry: Membrane Electrodes

815
Membrane electrodes, also known as p-ion electrodes, use membranes that selectively interact with free analyte ions, generating a potential difference across the membrane. The resulting membrane potential, known as the asymmetry potential, is not zero even when analyte concentrations on both sides of the membrane are equal. The membrane's response is typically not selective to a single analyte but proportional to the concentration of all ions in the sample solution capable of interacting at...
815
Metal-Semiconductor Junctions01:24

Metal-Semiconductor Junctions

524
The contact of metal and semiconductor can lead to the formation of a junction with either Schottky or Ohmic behavior.
Schottky Barriers
Schottky barriers arise when a metal with a work function (Φm) contacts a semiconductor with a different work function (Φs). Initially, electrons transfer until the Fermi levels of the metal and semiconductor align at equilibrium. For instance, if Φm > Φs, the semiconductor Fermi level is higher than the metal's before contact. The...
524
MOS Capacitor01:25

MOS Capacitor

998
A Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (MOS) capacitor is a fundamental structure used extensively in semiconductor device technology, particularly in the fabrication of integrated circuits and MOSFETs (metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistors). The MOS capacitor consists of three layers: a metal gate, a dielectric oxide, and a semiconductor substrate.
The metal gate is typically made from highly conductive materials such as aluminum or polysilicon. Beneath the metal gate lies a thin layer of...
998
Ligand-Gated Ion Channel Receptor: Gating Mechanism01:30

Ligand-Gated Ion Channel Receptor: Gating Mechanism

2.7K
Ligand-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins that play a vital role in intercellular communication and functions of the nervous system. They allow the influx of ions across the membrane once the neurotransmitter binds, allowing the subsequent transmission of electrical excitation across the neurons. Other ligand-gated ion channels, like the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor, permit anions like chloride into the cells on the binding of the GABA molecule. Their entry into the cell...
2.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Recent Advances in Inorganic Oxide-Based Resistive Random Access Memory: Challenges and Strategies for Practical Applications.

ChemPlusChem·2025
Same author

Exploring the role of counterions in the electrochromic performance of redox-active viologen.

Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP·2025
Same author

Turning Superparamagnetic Nanoparticles Into Ferromagnetic at Room Temperature via Molecular Functionalization for Magnetic Memory Applications.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2025
Same author

Acid vapor-induced enhanced electrical current rectification in phenothiazine-based electronic devices.

Chemical science·2025
Same author

Covalent Functionalization Yields High-Performance Supercapacitor Materials.

Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2025
Same author

Electrosynthesis of molecular memory elements.

Chemical science·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Sep 19, 2025

Assembly and Characterization of Biomolecular Memristors Consisting of Ion Channel-doped Lipid Membranes
08:07

Assembly and Characterization of Biomolecular Memristors Consisting of Ion Channel-doped Lipid Membranes

Published on: March 9, 2019

7.9K

Counterions Drive Memory Functionality in Two-Terminal Viologen-based Molecular Junctions.

Anwesha Mahapatra1, Abhik Ghoshal1, Ranjeev Kumar Parashar1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh, 208016, India.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|June 18, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Choosing the right counter anion in viologen-based molecular memory devices is key to optimizing performance. Larger anions improve the ON/OFF current ratio but require higher voltages, with triflate showing a good balance for resistive switching applications.

Keywords:
benzyl viologencounter anionmemory devicenon‐volatile memoryresistive switching

More Related Videos

In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy with Biasing and Fabrication of Asymmetric Crossbars Based on Mixed-Phased a-VOx
09:49

In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy with Biasing and Fabrication of Asymmetric Crossbars Based on Mixed-Phased a-VOx

Published on: May 13, 2020

4.2K
Temperature-Controlled Assembly and Characterization of a Droplet Interface Bilayer
10:11

Temperature-Controlled Assembly and Characterization of a Droplet Interface Bilayer

Published on: April 19, 2021

3.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Sep 19, 2025

Assembly and Characterization of Biomolecular Memristors Consisting of Ion Channel-doped Lipid Membranes
08:07

Assembly and Characterization of Biomolecular Memristors Consisting of Ion Channel-doped Lipid Membranes

Published on: March 9, 2019

7.9K
In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy with Biasing and Fabrication of Asymmetric Crossbars Based on Mixed-Phased a-VOx
09:49

In Situ Transmission Electron Microscopy with Biasing and Fabrication of Asymmetric Crossbars Based on Mixed-Phased a-VOx

Published on: May 13, 2020

4.2K
Temperature-Controlled Assembly and Characterization of a Droplet Interface Bilayer
10:11

Temperature-Controlled Assembly and Characterization of a Droplet Interface Bilayer

Published on: April 19, 2021

3.9K

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electronics
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Molecular memory devices are crucial for neuromorphic technology.
  • Viologen's bistable redox states are ideal for non-volatile resistive switching memory.
  • Optimization for industrial applications requires understanding counterion effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore how counterions influence memory parameters in viologen-based devices.
  • To tune threshold voltage, ON/OFF current ratio, retention time, and stability.
  • To provide insights for designing resistive switching characteristics.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated benzyl viologen dichloride with four counter anions: BF4-, ClO4-, OTf-, and TFSI-.
  • Conducted electrical studies to analyze memory parameters.
  • Performed thickness-dependent studies on viologen films.

Main Results:

  • Larger counter anions led to higher threshold voltages and increased ON/OFF current ratios.
  • Triflate (OTf-) demonstrated a balance of switching voltage (±1.5 V), high ON/OFF ratio (~10^5), endurance (1050 cycles), and stability (2000 s).
  • Optimal viologen film thickness for memory performance was found to be approximately 70 nm.

Conclusions:

  • Counterion selection significantly impacts the performance of viologen-based non-volatile memory devices.
  • Counterion movement under electric fields causes hysteresis in molecular films.
  • This study offers critical insights for tailoring resistive switching behavior in molecular memory.