Fullerene-driven photocarrier processes in perovskite solar cells: recent advances

This review highlights recent advances in elucidating the photocarrier dynamics of fullerenes in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Fullerenes and their derivatives serve a critical role in facilitating charge transport, suppressing recombination losses, and enhancing device stability, with particular focus on their influence at the photocarrier level. The interfacial interactions between fullerenes and perovskite photoabsorbers are pivotal for efficient carrier extraction, where the distinctive electronic properties of fullerenes promote effective charge separation and transport. Recent spectroscopic developments have significantly deepened our understanding of charge generation, transport, and recombination mechanisms within PSC architectures. Moreover, functionalized fullerene derivatives have been strategically engineered to optimize energy level alignment, mitigate interfacial losses, and improve overall photovoltaic performance. These advancements collectively contribute to the development of more efficient and stable PSCs, driving progress toward next-generation solar energy technologies with enhanced photocarrier dynamic performance.