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Related Concept Videos

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis01:27

Inflammatory Bowel Disease I: Ulcerative Colitis

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Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, or IBD, encompasses a group of disorders characterized by chronic inflammation or ulceration of the gastrointestinal tract.
Risk Factors
The exact cause of IBD remains unclear, although it is believed to be due to a mix of genetic, environmental, microbial, and immune factors. Genetic factors are significant in determining susceptibility to IBD, with family history being a critical risk factor. Individuals with a first-degree relative who has IBD are at...
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Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction01:17

Chronic Bowel Disorders: Introduction

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Chronic bowel diseases are a group of long-term conditions affecting the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and damage to the gut lining. These conditions primarily include irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel disease.
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder affecting the gastrointestinal tract. The distinctive feature is recurrent abdominal pain associated with altered bowel movements, manifesting as constipation, diarrhea, or fluctuating between both. The...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Diagnostic Studies and Management I-Nutritional Therapy01:30

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Various diagnostic tests are employed in the diagnostic process for Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD), particularly to differentiate between Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.
Diagnostic studies
A colonoscopy is the definitive screening test, distinguishing ulcerative colitis from other colon diseases with similar symptoms. During a colonoscopy test, inflamed mucosa with exudate ulcerations can be observed, and biopsies are taken to determine the histologic characteristics of the...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease II: Crohn's Disease01:30

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Introduction
Inflammatory bowel disease, commonly known as IBD, refers to a collection of disorders that lead to persistent inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract. The two types of IBD are ulcerative colitis, which impacts the colon, and Crohn's disease, which can involve any part of the gastrointestinal segment.
Crohn's disease
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Histology of the Small Intestine01:27

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The small intestine exhibits a unique histological structure that significantly enhances its function in digestion and nutrient absorption. These structures include circular folds, villi, and various specialized cells that collectively facilitate the digestion of food.
The intestinal lining features transverse folds called circular folds, each housing fingerlike projections known as intestinal villi. These villi are covered by a layer of simple columnar epithelium, also referred to as...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease V: Surgical Management01:21

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Surgical interventions for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which includes ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease, are essential in managing symptoms and addressing complications. The selection of surgical procedures is contingent upon the specific conditions and complications that stem from these illnesses.
Here are some common surgical interventions for IBD:
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Brain structure and function changes in ulcerative colitis.

Jennifer Kornelsen1,2, Kelcie Witges2, Jennifer Labus3

  • 1University of Manitoba, Department of Radiology, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.

Neuroimage. Reports
|June 26, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Investigating the brain-gut axis in ulcerative colitis (UC) reveals altered brain structure and functional connectivity (FC) in patients compared to healthy individuals. These brain changes highlight a potential link between the brain and gut in UC development and progression.

Keywords:
Functional connectivity (FC)Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)Grey matter volumeInflammatory bowel disease (IBD)Resting state networks (RSN)Ulcerative colitis (UC)

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gastroenterology
  • Medical Imaging

Background:

  • The brain-gut axis plays a crucial role in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) pathobiology.
  • Understanding brain structure and functional connectivity (FC) in ulcerative colitis (UC) is essential for advancing treatment strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate structural brain differences and FC alterations in individuals with UC compared to healthy controls (HC).
  • To explore the relationship between brain structure, FC, and the brain-gut axis in UC.

Main Methods:

  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was employed to study 76 participants with UC and 74 HC.
  • Voxel-based morphometry was used to analyze grey matter volume.
  • Functional connectivity (FC) was assessed across various brain networks.

Main Results:

  • Individuals with UC exhibited greater grey matter volume in several brain regions compared to HC.
  • Significant differences in FC were observed in the cerebellar, default mode, visual, and dorsal attention networks.
  • Sex-specific differences in FC were noted within the visual and dorsal attention networks.

Conclusions:

  • The findings provide evidence of an altered brain-gut axis in UC.
  • These brain alterations warrant further investigation to determine their role in UC's evolution or response to the disease.