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Related Concept Videos

Microenvironments01:22

Microenvironments

Microorganisms inhabit highly localized spaces known as microenvironments, which are defined by distinct physical and chemical characteristics. These include oxygen concentration, pH, temperature, light availability, and nutrient levels. The conditions within a microenvironment can differ markedly from those in the surrounding area and significantly influence microbial growth, metabolism, and community structure.Microenvironments often display sharp physicochemical gradients over small spatial...
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The scale-up of microbial fermentation processes is essential in industrial biotechnology, allowing the transition from laboratory-scale experiments to commercial-scale production while aiming to maintain product yield and quality. This process requires meticulous adjustment of equipment design, process parameters, and contamination control strategies to accommodate increasing culture volumes.At the laboratory scale, cultures are typically maintained in 1 to 10-liter glass or autoclavable...
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Upstream processing represents a critical phase in biomanufacturing, wherein biological systems such as microorganisms, mammalian cells, or insect cells are cultivated to produce therapeutic proteins, vaccines, enzymes, or other biologically derived products. This phase encompasses all steps from the selection and genetic manipulation of the production organism to the cultivation of cells in bioreactors under tightly controlled environmental conditions.Host Selection and Genetic OptimizationThe...

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Window on a Microworld: Simple Microfluidic Systems for Studying Microbial Transport in Porous Media
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Process Development Methods in Microtechnology and the Associated Process Environment.

Korbinian T Metz1,2, Faruk Civelek3, André Zimmermann1,4

  • 1Faculty 7, Institute for Micro Integration (IFM), University of Stuttgart, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.

Micromachines
|June 27, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Existing microsystem technology (MST) and micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) process development methods inadequately address environmental factors. New approaches are needed to systematically integrate process environmental requirements for improved MST manufacturing efficiency and quality.

Keywords:
MEMSmanufacturing process chainsmicrosystems technologyprocess developmentprocess environment

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Area of Science:

  • Microsystem Technology (MST)
  • Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS)
  • Process Development
  • Manufacturing Engineering

Background:

  • Microsystem technology (MST) and micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) are advancing rapidly, leading to increased complexity and customization.
  • Current process development methods for MST/MEMS often overlook external factors in the process environment (PEnv), causing quality issues.
  • Despite standards, PEnv influences lead to practical quality fluctuations in MST/MEMS manufacturing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze existing process development methods in MST/MEMS.
  • To evaluate the extent to which these methods systematically incorporate process environmental factors (PEnv).
  • To identify gaps and propose improvements for MST/MEMS process development.

Main Methods:

  • A mixed methods design was employed for the analysis.
  • A systematic literature review (SLR) identified 75 relevant studies (2005-2024) using traditional and AI-supported search tools.
  • An adapted GRADE analysis assessed the integration of PEnv factors in current methods.

Main Results:

  • Existing MST/MEMS process development methods insufficiently consider PEnv factors.
  • Effective PEnv integration currently demands significant expert knowledge, knowledge management, and supplementary project-specific tools.
  • Current methods require extensive expert input and knowledge management for adequate PEnv consideration.

Conclusions:

  • There is a critical need for novel methods that systematically integrate environmental requirements into MST/MEMS process development.
  • Developing such methods will enhance the efficiency and quality of MST manufacturing.
  • Future research should focus on creating robust frameworks for PEnv integration in MST/MEMS.