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Related Concept Videos

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

695
An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and...
695

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Related Experiment Video

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Evaluating the Immune Response of a Nanoemulsion Adjuvant Vaccine Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus MRSA Infection
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Engineered Outer Membrane Vesicles for Antigen Delivery: Exploratory Study on Adjuvant Activity and Systemic

Lu Lu1, Lina Zhai2, Qikun Ou3

  • 1Laboratory of Advanced Biotechnology, Beijing Institute of Biotechnology, 20 Dongda Street, Beijing 100071, China.

Vaccines
|June 27, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Detoxified Outer Membrane Vesicles (OMVs) from engineered bacteria show promise as vaccine carriers, offering high yield and adjuvant properties. However, further optimization is needed to address dose-dependent toxicity for safe vaccine development.

Keywords:
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimuriumadjuvantbiocompatibilityouter membrane vesicles

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Area of Science:

  • Bacteriology
  • Vaccinology
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Outer Membrane Vesicles (OMVs) are bacterial nanoparticles with inherent immunogenicity, making them attractive vaccine carriers.
  • Limited systematic evaluations exist regarding OMV-associated toxicity, hindering their clinical translation.
  • Gram-negative bacteria-derived OMVs offer potential due to their self-adjuvant properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate detoxified Outer Membrane Vesicles (OMVs) from engineered bacteria as vaccine carriers.
  • To assess the safety and adjuvant efficacy of these modified OMVs.
  • To investigate the yield and immunogenicity of detoxified OMVs compared to wild-type.

Main Methods:

  • CRISPR/Cas9 engineering of *Salmonella enterica* serovar Typhimurium to create a *ΔmsbB* mutant for enhanced OMV production.
  • Subcutaneous immunization of BALB/c mice with detoxified OMVs (Mut4_OMVs) to assess safety and adjuvant efficacy with *Yersinia pestis* and *Bacillus anthracis* antigens.
  • Evaluation of dose-dependent toxicity, survival rates, and immune responses (antibody titers, T-cell responses).

Main Results:

  • Engineered bacteria produced detoxified OMVs (Mut4_OMVs) with a 9-fold increase in protein yield compared to wild-type OMVs.
  • While wild-type OMVs were lethal, Mut4_OMVs demonstrated 100% survival in mice.
  • Dose-dependent toxicity was observed, including splenic extramedullary hematopoiesis and renal edema, despite potent adjuvant activity and induction of antigen-specific antibody and T-cell responses comparable to aluminum adjuvants.

Conclusions:

  • Detoxified OMVs exhibit significant potential as vaccine carriers with strong adjuvant capabilities.
  • Residual dose-dependent toxicity in specific organs necessitates further optimization for biocompatibility.
  • Further research is required to enhance the safety profile of OMVs for widespread vaccine application.