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Technology Roadmap of Micro/Nanorobots
Xiaohui Ju1, Chuanrui Chen2, Cagatay M Oral1
1Central European Institute of Technology, Brno University of Technology, Purkyňova 123, Brno 61200, Czech Republic.
ACS Nano
|June 27, 2025
Summary
Micro/nanorobots show promise in medicine and environmental science but face deployment challenges. This review outlines a roadmap to overcome hurdles in propulsion, materials, and manufacturing for practical applications.
Area of Science:
- Robotics
- Nanotechnology
- Biomedical Engineering
Background:
- Micro/nanorobots have transitioned from science fiction to reality.
- Significant advancements have been made in biomedical and environmental applications.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the technology roadmap for micro/nanorobots.
- To identify key challenges hindering widespread deployment.
- To propose a future research roadmap.
Main Methods:
- Exploration of current micro/nanorobot technology.
- Analysis of challenges in propulsion, theory, collective behavior, materials, and intelligence.
- Examination of production, commercialization, and regulatory issues.
- Emphasis on interdisciplinary collaboration.
Main Results:
- Key challenges identified in propulsion, fundamental theory, collective behavior, material design, and embodied intelligence.
- Applications in biomedicine, environmental remediation, and sensing are highlighted.
- Production scaling, commercialization, and regulatory frameworks are critical for practical use.
Conclusions:
- Interdisciplinary collaboration is essential to address technical and non-technical challenges.
- A roadmap is proposed to accelerate micro/nanorobot development.
- Micro/nanorobots are positioned as essential tools for grand challenges and quality of life enhancement.
