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Mind-wandering self-reports can be influenced by perceived performance, not just actual task engagement. This suggests that how people feel about their focus may be skewed by cues about their success.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Human-Computer Interaction

Background:

  • Mind-wandering is frequently assessed using self-reports after task completion.
  • The accuracy of these self-reports may be compromised by performance cues.
  • Understanding this potential confound is crucial for reliable experience-sampling methodologies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether performance indicators influence self-reported mind-wandering and confidence in task focus.
  • To determine if participants' reports of mind-wandering are affected by manipulated performance feedback.

Main Methods:

  • Two experiments were conducted with adult participants performing visual metronome response tasks.
  • Experiment 1 used sham feedback to manipulate perceived performance.
  • Experiment 2 employed a subtle delay in target onset to implicitly alter perceived performance.

Main Results:

  • Sham feedback in Experiment 1 led to more mind-wandering reports, irrespective of actual performance.
  • A perceived performance decrease in Experiment 2 also increased mind-wandering reports.
  • Confidence in on-task reports decreased when performance indicators falsely suggested poor performance.

Conclusions:

  • Self-reports of mind-wandering and confidence in one's attentional state are partially confounded by performance monitoring.
  • Experience-sampling methodologies relying on self-reports may need to account for performance-related biases.
  • Future research should consider objective measures alongside self-reports to assess mind-wandering accurately.